The Oft-Remodeled Kennedy Roofing Shop--443 West 19th Street

 

As early as the mid-1850's a house stood at 303 West 19th Street, between Ninth and Tenth Avenues.  The owner took in boarders who (not surprisingly given the location near the Hudson River) were all laborers.  Whether the building was replaced, or simply heavily remodeled around 1860 is unclear.  Either way, the three-story, brick-faced house now had a cast iron commercial space at ground level.  The upper windows  were given handsome cast iron Italianate lintels and sills, and a pressed metal cornice with scrolled brackets was installed.

In 1861 the ground floor was home to John Kennedy's roofing business.  He lived next door at 305 West 19th Street, and had another stop nearby at 205 West 17th Street.  He seems to have done a variety of types of roofing.  An advertisement in the New York Herald in 1864 sought, "Two Tin and Four Slate Roofers.  Apply to John Kennedy, 303 West 19th st."

The block was renumbered in 1868, giving Kennedy's business the new address of 443 West 19th Street.  Rosanna Devlin, the widow of John Devlin, ran the upper two floors as a boarding house at the time.

That all changed in 1873 when the upper floors were converted for business, as well, and Kennedy moved his operation to Ninth Avenue.  An advertisement in April that year offered:  "To Let--The Second floor of 443 West Ninteenth street; size 25x75; well lighted, and suitable for a shop or light manufacturing business.  Apply to James Kennedy, 450 West Nineteenth street."  (Whether James and John Kennedy were related is unknown.)

There were soon three businesses in the building.  Furniture maker Philp Lahr was here by the end of 1873; Cable's piano factory occupied space by 1875; and John Sweeney's blacksmith shop was here in 1876.

Yet another renovation came in 1887 when the ground floor of the building was converted to a stable.  The upper portion continued to be used for small manufacturing.  A rental advertisement in the New York Herald on October 30, 1887 offered, "New Stable, 16 stalls and wagon room, also two Lofts."

One of the upper floors soon housed the a cabinetry shop which fabricated store fixtures.  An advertisement in June 1890 read, "Counters, shelving, partitions, refrigerators, ice-boxes; every kind of store fitted. Mills, 443 West 19th st."  One client seems to have defaulted on his order that year.  The following January an ad offered, "Butter Store; elegant upright refrigerator, marble counter, milk box, dirt cheap.  Fixture Factory, 443 West 19th st."

In the meantime the stable seems to have been thriving.  In 1891 the owner was looking for a stableman, as well as a carriage washer.  "The latter must understand cleaning harness," said the help wanted ad.

The owner leased the stable in 1892 to a man named Mulligan.  The ad he answered described the "stable, feed and wagon or truck room at $20 a month" (about $580 today).  It continued doing a successful business.  Later that year Mulligan offered for sale three hansoms at "$25 cash, balance weekly payments," and a coupe for $40.  He continued assisting his clients in selling their vehicles or horses.  In 1895, for instance, he advertisement a "black, gamey, spirited, fearless, sound Gelding; very fast; reliable; 15-1/2, $80."

The Mills cabinet shop remained upstairs at least through 1891.  Around 1892 Charles King moved his machine shop into one of the upper floors.  He listed his business as "manufacturer of triple expansion Engines."  He remained until around the turn of the century.

The stable changed hands in 1895, and again in 1905 when Couch & Davidson took over the lease.  It was described as accommodating "15 horses and wagons, [with] high ceiling, washstand, concrete floor."

As the days of horse-drawn vehicles gave way to automobiles, the building was yet again reconfigured in 1908.  When owner Victorine S. Cole leased the property to Thomas Ward & Co. that year, The Sun remarked, "The building will be used for storage purposes."

The Thomas Ward's Storage Warehouse housed all manner of goods.  That was reflected in his warning to patrons who were behind in storage fees in February 1919.  Listing each one by name in the New-York Tribune, he threatened to sell their things at public auction.  Included were, "Household furniture, personal effects, trunks, pianos, merchandise, office furniture."

The building seems to have been vacant in the post-Depression years.  via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services

It was not an idle threat, as evidenced in a Sheriff's auction announcement in 1925.  On April 15 that year an on-site auction sold a "piano, three pieces of furniture, pictures, tables, electric lamp, stands, &c.  Terms cash.  Immediate removal."

There would be another renovation to the building in the late 20th century.  Although no Certificate of Occupancy has ever been issued, there are two apartments in the building.  The upper floors are essentially unchanged since the 1860 make-over, and the cast iron piers of the ground floor reflect the configuration of a single door to the left and a centered carriage bay.

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The Samuel Mendel Phillips House - 62 East 83rd Street

 

In 1875 leather merchant Samuel Phillip Mendel and his family were living at 402 East 52nd Street.  Mendel and his wife, the former Julia Seckelman, had two children--four-year old Jennie and one-year-old Sarah.  He submitted a petition to the city in January that year which said in part, "They wish to change their names legally to Samuel Mendel Phillips, Julia Mendel Phillips, Jennie Mendel Phillips, and Sarah Mendel Phillips."   

The reason behind the name change is intriguing, but seemingly lost.  It would cause confusion in newspapers, books and various organizations for years with the names Mendel and Phillips haphazardly being swapped back and forth.

By the early 1890's there was a third daughter, Paula.  By now the had family had moved to 62 East 83rd Street, one of a row of high-stooped Italianate brownstones erected around the time of Samuel's petition.

Notable New Yorkers of 1896-1899 erroneously used Phillips's former surname, (copyright expired)

Phillips was born in Elmshorn, Germany in 1844 and arrived in New York City in 1866.  He was a partner with B. J. Salomon in the leather firm of Salomon & Phillips, founded by Salomon in 1867, and in the Armstrong Leather Company established by both men in 1890.  New York-1894 said the latter "manufactures colored calf, goat and sheep skins, and the products of their factory at Peabody, Mass.,...have at once taken a prominent position in the market."  The book described Phillips as "an active and enterprising man."  He was, as well, a director in the Hide and Leather National Bank.

Phillips was strongly attached to his German heritage (making his switching to an English surname puzzling).  He was an active member of the Freundschaft Club, the oldest German men's club in the city.  And the domestic staff of the Phillips house were seemingly all German.  An advertisement in the New York Journal & Advertiser on September 18, 1899 sought someone to "Cook, wash, iron; German girl."

The Phillips women, too, were involved in things German.  On November 3, 1895, for instance, The New York Times reported, "To the untiring efforts of a number of enthusiastic German women of this city is to be accredited the assurance of the erection of the beautiful Heine Memorial Fountain upon some suitable site in New-York."  The article noted that one of the three women forming the Committee on Decorations and Space was "Miss Jennie Mendel."  (Once again showing that Phillips was not always recognized as the family's name.)

By the turn of the century, Julia had died and Jennie and Sarah had married.  Jennie and her husband, Pertz Rosenberg, lived in the 83rd Street house with her father and Paula (who was an instructor of English at Dr. Sach's School for Girls).  Sarah and her husband, Ludwig Harberger, lived elsewhere.

On the morning of March 24, 1905 Phillips was preparing to leave the house when he suffered "apoplexy"--a term which today refers to a stroke or cerebral hemorrhage.  Despite his legal name change and the fact that his firm was clearly Salomon & Phillips, not Salomon & Mendel, his obituaries all referred to him as Samuel Phillips Mendel.  His funeral was held in the drawing room on March 26.

The 83rd Street house was bequeathed to the three daughters.  On May 4 Jennie purchased her sisters' shares for a total of about $974,000 in today's money.

Peretz Rosenberg was affiliated with Felix Salomon & Co., a German-based company which dealt in paper and paper stock.  He and Jennie had two children, Julian Dellevie and Rosalie.

When Julian graduated from Columbia University in 1917, war was raging in Europe.  He put off his career to join the army and served as a corporal in France.  At the end of the war he returned to 62 East 83rd Street and re-enrolled at Columbia, earning his graduate degree in law in 1921.

Both Julian and his sister were interested in nature.  Rosalie was a long-term member of the Torrey Botanical Club and her brother would later be highly involved in environmental causes like the preservation of the Connecticut River Valley.

Julian Rosenberg became a well-respected attorney.   But another world war would again interrupt his career.  He served as a lieutenant commander in Naval Intelligence during World War II.

The 83rd Street house was sold after the war and in 1950 was converted to apartments, one per floor.  A subsequent renovation completed in 1962 removed the stoop and lowered the entrance to the English basement level.  The building now held two duplex apartments.  That configuration lasted until 2006 when an extensive renovation was initiated to return the house to a single-family dwelling.

Despite the fact that the house was neither landmarked nor sat within a historic district, the architectural firm of Anita Bartholin Brandt Architect painstakingly refabricated the lost stoop, and replicated the original cornice and other missing details.  Completed in 2009, the superb restoration resulted in the Phillips house again looking as it did in the 19th century.

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The Robert Rutter House - 152 West 13th Street

 

In 1846 a row of five brick-faced homes were built by the heirs of Peter Remsen along the south side of West 13th Street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.  Their Greek Revival design included rusticated brownstone basements, floor-to-ceiling parlor windows, and a dentiled cornice above the squat third floor.

No. 128 (renumbered 152 in 1868) first became home to the family of Henry Seaton, then by 1852 to Samuel Roosevelt and his wife, the former Mary Jane Horton.  

Roosevelt was a prominent businessman.  His father, Nicholas Roosevelt, was an inventor who had been involved with Robert Fulton in developing the steamboat.  Samuel's mother, Lydia Selton Latrobe, was the daughter of Nicholas's business partner, architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe.

The couple suffered tragedy on February 7, 1853 when their youngest son, Frank, died three months before his second birthday.  The little boy's funeral was held in the parlor.

Mary was pregnant at the time.  Ellen Lydia was born later that year.  The couple had two other children, six-year-old Nicholas Latrobe and three-year-old Laura Gertrude.  They would have four more children by 1860, when little Virginia was born.

By then the Roosevelt family had been gone from the 13th Street house for about two years.  It was now home to banker Samuel R. Jacobs and his wife, Jane, at least by 1858.  

A son was born in January 1865 and, tragically, as the Roosevelts had done, his parents had to hold a funeral in the house just eight months later.

Jane was looking for two servant girls later that year.  In December she advertised for "one as a cook and to assist with washing, the other as laundress and chambermaid."  

The Jacobs family remained until 1867 when the house was sold to well-known bookbinder Robert Rutter and his wife, Frances.  Born in Canada in 1828, Robert had come to America at the age of 21.  The couple was married in 1852, two years after Robert opened his bookbindery.  The would have four daughters and a son.

Robert Rutter as he appeared in 1889.  from the collection of the New-York Historical Society

It was most likely the Rutters who raised the third floor to full height, and updated the entrance with an Italianate surround, rope molding, and up-to-date paneled double doors.

Late in 1879 Rutter discovered that a burglar had entered the house and stolen some of his clothing.  None of Frances's jewelry nor other valuables had been taken.  On the night of December 29 two policemen noticed a man on Waverly Place carrying two overcoats.  When he refused to say where he obtained them, he was arrested.

Police were well-acquainted with Dominick Kilogan.  A few years earlier he had snatched the pocketbook of actress Ada Dyas and was sent to prison.  While serving his term, he inherited $50,000--a fortune of about $1.3 million today.  But, as reported by The New York Times, "on being released he spent it in dissipation, and soon found himself without a cent."

As investigators searched his room, the list of robberies grew.  On January 9, 1880 The New York Times entitled an article "A Sneak-Thief On Trial" and noted that among the items produced as evidence were property belonging to Robert Rutter.

The Rutters experienced a scare on May 18, 1882 when Robert took Frances for a drive in Central Park.   The New York Herald reported that "his team became unmanageable and shortly ran into a T cart, in which Mr. William Fahnestock, the Wall street broker, was driving with a lady and a coachman."  Both carriages were upset and all the passengers thrown out.  

The chaos continued when Frahnestock's horse "took fright" and ran into the carriage of General N. Gano Dunn, oversetting that vehicle as well.  Dunn's horse, in turn, was spooked and ran into a carriage being driven by the son of Judge Hilton, who was thrown to the ground.

The article noted "Mr. Rutter was the only one whose injuries were at all serious.  He was taken to the Presbyterian Hospital."

After having lived at 152 West 13th Street for three decades, the Rutters sold it in February 1899 to Annie Smith for $18,000--about $572,000 in today's money.

Smith operated the property as a rooming house (meaning she did not offer meals as boarding houses did).  Among the residents in 1911 was Hermina Schmitz, an early animal rights supporter.  She railed against the popular Edwardian fashion of decorating women's hats with egret, pheasant and other bird feathers (and at times, entire stuffed birds).  She wrote a letter to the editor of the New York Herald on May 18 that year that read in part:

Since all efforts to successfully suppress this cruel practice have been fruitless thus far, may I suggest one that would be successful?

Let all men show distinctly their distaste for women who wear aigrettes, and let women who wear them and shopkeepers who sell them be arrested and either heavily fined or imprisoned.

The house was initially offered for sale in 1918, described as "12 furnished rooms, full; good condition."  But, instead, Annie K. Smith leased the property to the radical political bi-weekly, The Dial, as its headquarters.  In its August 1, 1918 edition, The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods reported "The Dial announced that it 'is now established in its New York offices, at 152 West Thirteenth Street."

Poet Marianne C. Moore would later describe the magazine's new home as a "three story brick building with carpeted stairs, fireplace, and white mantelpiece rooms."  In 1919 Harvard graduates James Sibley Watson and Scofield Thayer, purchased the periodical, became its editors, and changed its course from politics to literature.

They made The Dial a vehicle to introduce young, mostly unknown American writers to the public.  In a 1920 press release, Watson's laid out the magazine's new mission, saying in part:

[The editors] believe that the American people really have minds and use them to better purpose than the popular magazines admit.  [We] think that Americans, in every part of America want to know what the finest minds of the world are about, what they are thinking and what they are creating.

Over the coming years contributors to the magazine included E. E. Cummings, Ezra Pound, Marianne C. Moore, John Dos Passos, Kenneth Burke, and William Slater Brown.

The Dial remained at No. 152 until 1938, when Annie Smith again leased it to John and Bridget Cullen.  On May 17, The New York Sun reported that they "will improve and occupy the premises."  

After having leased the house for decades, Annie K. Smith occupied it in the 1940's.  Throughout the subsequent decades it was never converted to apartments and remains a single family home today.

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The 1831 James N. Wells House - 183 Ninth Avenue

 

James N. Wells was a carpenter-builder in Greenwich Village, responsible for the construction of St. Luke's Church on Hudson Street.  But when Clement Clarke Moore decided to parcel off his family's summer estate, Chelsea, in the late 1820's, Wells became his property manager.

In 1831 construction began on a house and store at the northwest corner of Ninth Avenue and West 21st Street for a "Mr. Royer."  Completed the following year, it was two-and-a-half stories tall and faced in red Flemish bond brick.  In the rear was an ample yard with a small wooden house.

Wells purchased the property soon afterward and is listed as living here with his family in 1833.  It was a temporary arrangement while he constructed a grand brick residence nearby at 414 West 22nd Street.   When he moved out in 1835, he leased the street level shop to Theodore Martine's feed and grocery store.   Wells did not totally leave the building.  City directories indicate that Wells moved his real estate office into the upper portion, above the store.

Theodore Martine had entered the grocery, flour and feed business in 1826.  In the mid-1840's the Board of Aldermen relied on his expertise to examine the goods provided to the Alms House and other institutions.  On the afternoon of New Year's Eve, 1845, for example, he looked over 20 chests of tea (finding that "one fell short two pounds"), "several hogsheads" of molasses, a delivery of muslins, and 20 boxes of soap.  He found soap missing from some of the boxes, tampering of the molasses barrels, and a portion of the tea "worthless."

Martine operated his store from 159 Ninth Avenue (renumbered 183 in 1868) until 1850.  His son Randolph B. Martine would go on to become the new District Attorney in 1885.  In reporting on his new position Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper would comment, "His father, Theodore Martine, will be remembered by old citizens of the West Side as an extensive grocer and real estate dealer."

The store next became home to the Vanvalkenburgh & Martin grocery store.  John A. Vanvalkenburgh and his family lived above the store while his partner Joseph T. Martin lived nearby at No. 147 West 21st Street.

In 1856 John A. Vanvalkenburgh and moved his produce business to Washington Market and his son, John J. Vanvalkenburgh partnered with Benjamin Haviland to continue the store here.  They operated it as Vanvalkenburgh & Haviland grocers.  That partnership lasted until 1860 when Haviland opened his own store on Fourth Avenue.  John Pierson ran the grocery here until at least 1862.

The grocery store continued to change hands.  In 1864 and '65 it was run by George A. and Joseph T. McDowell, and beginning in 1867 it was called the Browning & Berry grocery, run by Lewis F. Browning and James E. Berry.  Interestingly, the partners lived next door to one another at 160 and 162 Ninth Avenue.

Households in the middle of the 19th century depended heavily on lighting oils like kerosene for lamps.  These were generally a staple found in neighborhood grocery stores like Browning & Berry.  In the winter of 1869 proprietors were surprised by agents of the Metropolitan Board of Health who took samples of the kerosene-oil as well as lamps they were selling for testing.  Unfortunately for Browning & Berry, their kerosene was deemed "below Legal Standard."

James N. Wells died in 1860 and in 1865 his family sold the property.  It was purchased by Levi L. Livingston.  He was a decorative painter, responsible for murals and painted interior decorations of public and private buildings, including the Masonic Temple on 23rd Street and Sixth Avenue. Instrumental in organizing the Association of Master Painters of which he was president several times, Livingston had “heavy contracts for painting the North River steamers and the elevated railroads,” according to The New York Times.

After his death in 1882, his estate continued to maintain the property until finally selling it in 1910; advertising the house as a “three story tenement and store.”

In the meantime, as had been the case with Vanvalkenburgh & Haviland, Browning & Berry dissolved in 1871 when James Berry opened a store on Fourth Avenue.  Lewis F. Browning took in a new partner, Albert H. Siemers, who lived next door at No. 185.  They would operate the grocery here until at least through 1880.

By 1889 the store was run by Clamor L. Magna.  He lived upstairs, taking in three grocery clerks as boarders at the turn of the century.    He would remain in the space into the early years of the 20th century.

Most of the 20th century was unkind to this section of Ninth Avenue, with the clattering elevated train running down its center.  At one point 183 Ninth Avenue was divided into apartments, but in 1993 as Chelsea was rediscovered, it was purchased by attorney Steven Shore.  He hired architect Stephen B. Jacobs who restored the storefront and created a single residence on the upper floors.  The Wells house is the second oldest house in Chelsea.

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1894 Triplets -- 462 through 466 Amsterdam Avenue

On May 12, 1894 the Real Estate Record & Guide reported, "Gordon Bros. have purchased three lots, 75x100, on Amsterdam avenue, between 82d and 83d streets, for immediate improvement."  The "improvement" of the vacant plots would be in the form of three identical flat--or apartment--houses with stores.

The partners commissioned architect Gilbert A. Schellenger to design the structures.  His tripartite design was, for the most part, Renaissance Revival, with touches of the Romanesque Revival style.

Completed within the year, each was five stories tall.  The brick and stone bases held cast iron store fronts, and short stoops led to the residential entrances.  The three-story midsections were clad in beige brick and separated by full-height piers.  Schellenger used bull-nosed brick to round the corners of the piers and the openings.  Above an intermediate cast metal cornice, the top level featured an arcade of windows joined by a continuous thin eyebrow.  Each structure was crowned with an elaborate pressed metal cornice and triangular pediment.

There were two apartments per floor, front and rear.  An advertisement in The World on May 29, 1897 offered "Four rooms & bath, all light, finely decorated, low rents, 1 month free."  The "low rents" ran from $20 to $24 per month--just over $750 for the more expensive apartment today.

Among the early tenants of 466 Amsterdam Avenue was Fanine Milne, who was known as Fannie.  She lived in the rear flat on the fourth floor and worked at the printing shop of George E. Shepard on Chambers Street.  Shepard and his wife, Lola, had been married since 1886 and had three children.

Fannie and her boss became friendly and around 1895 she was invited to the Shepard home.  Shortly after that Lola Shepard discovered "that her husband was untrue to her, but forgave him," reported the Brooklyn Daily Eagle.  George Shepard traveled to Europe for two months in February 1897.  Upon his return Lola began unpacking his bags.

She discovered a parcel of letters from Fannie Milne.  They included phrases such as "To my own foreign baby," "Goodnight, my own dear love, think of me as often as you can, with love and kisses to yourself and baby. Fannie," and "Try and not forget me and try to always think of me as your best girl.  If I had you here to-day, I am afraid you would never live after it to tell the tale."

Lola was understandably upset and went to unexpected lengths to gain additional evidence.  She somehow got access to the other apartment on Fannie's floor.  On the evening of August 14 she went there with three friends "and with them watched the place all night."  According to Lola in court, at about 7 a.m. George Shepard "left the apartment of Fannie Milne, who soon afterward followed him out."

She sued Shepard for divorce, naming Fannie Milne as the other woman and using her incriminating letters as evidence.  Fannie's attorney denied the allegations, saying she was "a family friend and although the letters seemed to indicate undue familiarity, such was not the fact."  He said the letters found in the bag were "simply a good joke on Shepard," and that the overnight visit to her apartment was "on business connected with his office."  The judge did not buy the defense and granted the divorce, allowing Lola $25 per week alimony (about $795 today).

It would not be the last time Fannie Milne and George E. Shepard appeared in court together.   George's attorney in the divorce case had been Benjamin Levy and Fannie's was a lawyer named McKinney.  According to Fannie, she gave Levy $150 which he was to turn over to McKinney for his fees. 

Around February 10, 1900 Fannie accosted Levy on Park Row, accusing him of keeping the money for himself.  She demanded to accompany him to his office where she insisted he sign a confession that read, "I acknowledge the receipt of $150, which I obtained on false pretenses."

Levy's story about the money was different.   He said, "Shepard had given it to me for my services and not to be paid to McKinney, and I told her I wouldn't give it to her."  It was not the answer Fannie was looking for.  "She began to abuse me, and used such language that I told her to get out of my office," said Levy later.  "I was going to get up and go out into the hall for some of the employe[e]s of the building, when Shepard came in."

Shepard, too, demanded that Levy sign the confession.  Levy testified, "I said I wouldn't give anything to him.  I told him I had earned the money all right, and he should be the last one to kick, as I had saved him a lot of money."

Levy tried to get to the office door, but the pair pushed him back and blocked it.  When the lawyer attempted to use the annunciator (a speaking tube) to have a clerk call a policeman, he was stopped short by a firearm.  "The first thing I knew I was looking right at a revolver," he said.

On February 16 Fannie Milne and her father appeared in the Center Street Police Court.  She confidently handed Magistrate Cornell the signed confession, fully expecting him to demand Levy to pay her the money.  Cornell asked Levy if the signature were genuine.  Levy admitted it was, but then explained it was signed under intimidation.

"I was afraid of the man," he told the judge.  "This man Shepard, Your Honor, was held in the court here for pouring acid on a man.  He was very nervous, and I didn't know but he would pull the trigger of the revolver at any time.  That man is liable to do anything when he is excited.  I was scared, and I let him push me down into the chair, and I wrote what he told me to.  No one who isn't crazy would sign a paper like that unless he was in fear of his life."

Magistrate Cornell told Fannie, "On your own admission, Miss Milne, you used duress.  I will not accept the complaint."  Fannie's father indignantly replied, "We will take the case into General Term."  "That's the best thing you can do," said Cornell, "as I won't have anything to do with the matter.

Another tenant of 466 Amsterdam Avenue at the time was William C. Hurst.  He was affluent enough to afford a Locomobile (a stream-powered automobile).  On April 30, 1901 he appeared in the West Side Police Court charged with "scorching" (i.e, speeding).  The New-York Tribune said "Hurst had no excuse to make when he was arraigned, and a fine of $5 was imposed on him.  He sent a messenger out to pawn his gold watch in order to get the money to pay the fine."

In the meantime, Policeman McIntee took his prisoner to the stationhouse using Hurst's own Locomobile.  The New-York Tribune reported, "The water in the boiler was very low, and McIntee had not gone more than a block when the safety valve began to screech in the most ear splitting manner."

Fearing the boiler was about to explode, the policeman jumped out and ran back to the courtroom where Magistrate Meade was hearing another case.  Breathless from his sprint, McIntee rush to the bench and shouted "Judge, the machine is in the middle of the street.  It is going to blow up!  Give me an order for the prisoner or the whole street will be blown up!"

The New-York Tribune continued, "Several women in the courtroom became almost hysterical.  Magistrate Meade shouted: 'Don't wait for an order; go down and get the prisoner at once!  Run quickly!"

McIntee returned to the scene and removed Hurst from the car.  His handcuffs were removed and he "turned off one or two valves and then raked the fire.  Over a thousand persons had gathered at the spot."  All danger was now squelched.

Officer McIntee walked Hurst to the stationhouse, then returned to push the automobile to the station.  Once there, the sergeant told him to take it to Pierce's Stables at 58th Street and Seventh Avenue.  The New-York Tribune reported, "McIntee pushed the machine all the way to this place, and just as he reached the stable in an almost exhausted condition, Hurst, who had paid his fine, appeared and claimed it."

In 1903 a branch of the James Butler grocery stores opened in 462 Amsterdam Avenue.  It was the chain's 110th store in the metropolitan area.  The store at 464 was home to the Wing Sing Chinese laundry, and Edward Unterman's wine and liquor store occupied 466 Amsterdam Avenue around the same time.  Unterman's shop would remain in the space at least through 1919.

Living in 464 Amsterdam in 1918 was Custom House broker Samuel Harry Pomerance.  He was estranged from his wife, whose professional name was Dorothy Green.  A silent movie actress, Dorothy was described by The Sun as "a slightly built brunette."  She had appeared in numerous films and was best known for playing "vamps."

Pomerance was born in Russia and arrived in America around 1898.  He married Dorothy in 1911 and, initially, their marriage went well.   According to Pomerance, when Dorothy was working in the movies in California, she "would send him as many as six love letters a day."  But in 1916 things changed.  She began an affair with wine merchant Emanuel S. "Manny" Chapelle.

The unfaithful Dorothy Green.  Shadowland, December 1919 (copyright expired)

In court Pomerance said, "When Chappelle began paying attention to my wife early in 1916 we quarreled and finally separated.  She told me frankly she did not intend to change her way of living, and that if I didn't like it I could get out."  Pomerance went to Chappelle's office and told him to leave his wife alone.  The merchant responded saying that since the couple was not living together, Pomerance should "go about his own business and let her have a good time."

Chappelle was also married.  His wife was the ice skater Grace Helaine, the sister of actress Billie Burke.  Pomerance hired a private detective to follow Chappelle and Dorothy.  They raided Dorothy Green's apartment where they found the couple together.  The scandalous divorce trials--Pomerance sued Green and Helaine sued Chappelle--became fodder for gossip and screen magazines nationwide.

World War I took a toll on several of the families who lived here.  On November 30, 1918 the War Department's casualty list included John M. Donahue, "killed in battle."  And on February 20, 1919 the New-York Tribune reported that Thomas J. Rowley had been been wounded, "degree undetermined."

At 3:00 p.m. on September 25, 1946 Patrolman Kenneth Heil was directing traffic at 82nd Street and Amsterdam Avenue when several children ran up and told him Louis Cafiero's stationery store at 462 Amsterdam Avenue was being held up.  The Daily News reported, "The patrolman drew his gun and sprinted."  As he neared the store John O'Neill, a longshoreman, ran out and ducked into the cellar of 460 Amsterdam Avenue.  He had robbed Cafiero of $30 at gunpoint.

Heil followed the gunman into the darkened cellar.  A tense cat-and-mouse game continued for 15 minutes.  Then, as reported by the Daily News, O'Neil shouted, "If you try to come near me, I'll kill you."  The article continued, "Heil aimed at the voice and answered--with two bullets from his service revolver, one of which found its mark."  The wounded 27-year-old was booked on assault and robbery.

Officer Heil displays the gunman's weapon to Police Inspector James Mulholland.  Daily News, September 26, 1946

The following year, on October 3, 1947 the store was targeted again.  At around 5:30 a.m. Thomas Connelly broke in and stole $20 in coins and a wrist watch.  He was spotted by a bakery driver who telephoned police.  As police cars pulled up to the store, the 22-year-old crook ran out the back door.  He was captured after a "chase across the rooftops during which several shots were fired," according to the Daily News.

The Amsterdam Avenue neighborhood became one of trendy shops and nightspots in the last quarter of the 20th century.  In 1992 The Insomnia Hotel & Bar occupied the former stationery store at 462 Amsterdam Avenue.  It was replaced in 1998 by Mason's Bar, owned by former child actor Mason Reese.

Next door at 464 Amsterdam was Gelateria Richard, described by The New York Times food critic Florence Fabricant on November 23, 1994 as capturing "the flavors and textures of sumptuous Old-World Italian ice creams, called gelati."  Falcon's Peruvian Restaurant occupied 464 Amsterdam Avenue.

The commercial spaces continue to house restaurants.  And other than replacement windows, the upper floors of the 1894 trio remain  essentially unchanged since the colorful Fanine Milne moved into her fourth floor flat.

photograph by the author

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The Scene of an Infamous Murder--the Lost 782 Eighth Avenue

 

A teenaged girl poses in the street in front of the infamous building.  To the far left a sliver of Ladder Company No. 4's fire house can be seen.  from the collection of the Library of Congress

In the years just prior to the Civil War, the family of W. Humprey lived in the four-story house at 782 Eighth Avenue.  He was the sexton of the Central Park Baptist Church on Eighth Avenue and 53rd Street.  The handsome brick-faced Italianate house belied the neighborhood in which it sat.   Sitting just south of 48th Street, it was squarely within the crime-filled district known as Hell's Kitchen.

By the late 1860's the dwelling was being operated as a boarding house, with tenants seemingly never staying more than a few months at a time.   By the mid-1880's the ground floor had been altered to house Gustave Koopman's "eating house."

Frederick George Penley stopped in the restaurant on the afternoon of December 28, 1886.  Penley lived just over a block away at 355 West 49th Street and was a teacher in the Protestant Episcopal Orphan Home.  No one ever saw Penley  again after he left Koopman's restaurant.  

Around the turn of the century the restaurant was converted to a store where the Tiger Cycle Works Co. sold not only motorcycles, but phonographs.   Sun Leung, a Chinese immigrant, leased the building and ran the Sun Leung Chinese Restaurant from the second floor.  He operated the upper two floors as a rooming house.

Expectedly, the tenants were less than refined.  On June 3, 1903 a very angry Mary Jane Fitzgerald arrived here, "trying to serve a subpoena on her grandson, Edmund Schwartz," said The Standard Union.  The encounter did not go smoothly.  Mary Jane Fitzgerald was arrested, her grandson's "partner" alleging "she was creating a disturbance."

Elise (known as Elsie) Sigel was the granddaughter of Civil War hero General Franz Sigel.  She attended the unveiling of his bronze equestrian statue in Riverside Park at 106th Street in October 1907.  Like many well-bred young women, she was involved in mission work downtown.  She and her mother focused on the Chinatown district.

Elsie and her mother volunteered their services to this mission in Chinatown.  from the collection of the Library of Congress. 

By the early part of 1909 Elsie became romantically involved with a young Chinese man, Leung Lim, whom she met through her mission work.  His English name was William L. Leon.  The Sun said Leon "was well known to missionaries in this city."  She was open regarding the relationship and had a photograph of him in her room.

Elsie left home on July 9, but never returned.  Three days later her parents received a telegram from Washington that read, "Will be home Sunday evening.  Don't worry.  Elsie."

During the search for Elsie, "One or two persons told the detectives that they had seen Miss Siegel with the young Chinaman at a Chinese theatre about a week or two ago," said The Sun on June 19.  

William L. Leon was the nephew of Sun Leung and occupied a room on the top floor of 782 Eighth Avenue.  The Sun reported, "His room adjoined that of Chung Sin on the rear.  Chung Sin is another Chinaman of the religious type, and he apparently was sharing his quarters with Leon."

At the same time that Elsie went missing, so did Chung Sin and William Leon.  Sun Leung tried to enter his nephew's room, but found it locked.  And then, on June 18 "he noticed a little stream of something like blood trickling under the door of Leon's room," according to The Sun.  He went to the West 47th Street police station, telling the lieutenant that he feared Leon had been murdered.

What the two responding policeman found was reported as far away as Australia.  On June 22, The Bunbury Herald ran the headline "Chinatown Horror" and reported "The body of Elsie Sigel, who was engaged in missionary work and Sunday-school teaching in Chinatown, New York, has been found in a trunk in a room over a Chinese restaurant in that quarter of the city.  The occupier was a Chinaman, who is supposed to have murdered her."

The gruesome crime scene photo was released years afterward.  Sunday News, June 10, 1923

The trunk had been tied with several yards of rope.  Elsie's body had been crammed inside, wrapped in a blanket.  "About the woman's neck was a noose made of the same awning rope with which the body was tied.  The noose had been pulled so tightly that it was buried in the flesh and the Coroner thought the neck might also have been broken," reported The Sun.  Elsie was nearly nude.  An autopsy found "considerable poison" in her stomach.

Because of the interracial relationship, Elsie Siegel was considered a coquette by many.   Sunday News, June 10, 1923

Although it was Sun Leung who had alerted police, he was arrested on June 22 under suspicion of involvement.  The same day Chung Sin was apprehended near Amsterdam, New York.  A dragnet for William Leon spread across the nation.  The New-York Tribune reported, "Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco and all the large cities are being watched, and steps have been taken to capture him should he attempt to cross the boundary to Victoria, B.C., and take a ship there for China."

The New-York Tribune was less flattering in describing Leon than The Sun had been.  "He is known to Chinatown as a cheap Chinese gambler and confidence man who seldom had any money and then only in small sums."  Unfortunately for investigators, the arrest of Chung Sin initially brought no leads.  He insisted he knew nothing about the murder and had left town to take a new job.  (He could not provide details about that position.)

Leung Lim, aka William Leon.  Sunday News, June 10, 1923

Under intense questioning, Sin changed his story.  On September 24 the New-York Tribune reported that he, "swore that on the morning of June 10 he saw the body of Elsie Sigel, with a cord tightened about her throat on Ling's [sic] bed, and that he later saw Ling [sic] put it in a trunk."  On the basis of his testimony Leung Lim, aka William Leon, was indicted for Elsie Sigel's murder.  There was still, however, the issue of finding him.

No doubt tens of thousands of people were shocked when they picked up their newspapers on September 10 to find that police were treating Elsie's murder as a cold case.  The Sun reported, "That the authorities have given up hope of capturing Leung Lim, the murderer of Elsie Sigel, was shown yesterday when Chung Sin, Leung's roommate, who has been held in the House of Detention in heavy bail as a material witness, got his liberty."  And, indeed, the accused murderer was never found and the case never solved.

The same year that Elsie Sigel was murdered, the Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal reported that the Tiger Cycle Works Co. "will handle the Royal and Reliance motorcycles during 1909."  The space was soon home to The Aero Wheel Co., which supplied even more surprising merchandise, considering the location.  An advertisement in Aeronautics on August 1912 read, "Builds all kinds of wheels for Aeroplanes and Monoplanes.  Standard or special sizes at very low prices."

In 1928 architect A. Catsanoa was hired to renovate the old building.  There was now a restaurant on the first floor, a beauty parlor on the second and third, and one apartment on the top floor.  Exactly ten years later architect J. M. Berlinger remodeled the building.   He gave it a new storefront and installed a large show window at the second floor.  There were now one apartment each on the third and fourth floors.

via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services.

In the mid- to late-1940's the ground floor store was home to the Jazz Record Corner.   The venerable building survived into the 21st century when it and the rest of the block--other than Ladder Company No. 4's station house--were demolished for the 51-story The Biltmore apartment building.

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The 1842 Henry Jarvis Raymond House - 134 West 13th Street

 

In 1842 the estate of John Remsen erected 12 brick-faced houses on West 13th Street between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.   Among them was No. 110 (renumbered 134 in 1868) which, like its neighbors, rose three floors above a brownstone English basement.  Its openings were trimmed in stone and a handsome dentiled cornice crowned the design.  Most eye-catching was the fine doorway, with its pilasters capped with foliate capitals, side lights, and transom.

It was purchased by attorney Frederick A. Coe and his wife, the former Anne Eliza Mitchell.  Born in New Hartford, New York in 1816, his office was at No. 52 John Street.  The couple had one daughter, Caroline, who was born the year the house was completed.

The Mitchells remained until early 1847 when, according to the New York Herald, they were "removing from the city."  An auction of their household goods, held on April 23, 1847, hints at the elegance of their home.  Included were "rosewood and mahogany furniture," a suite of Louis XIV parlor furniture, "Egyptian marble toilet tables," and Royal Wilton carpets.  A rosewood piano "made to order by Chickering & Co." had cost Mitchell $600--around $19,500 today.

The house became home to Henry Jarvis Raymond and his family.  Born on January 24, 1820, Raymond had married Juliette Weaver on October 24, 1843.  The couple would have seven children.  

A journalist, he was working for Horace Greeley's New-York Tribune when the family moved in.  Newspapers were decidedly and openly politically biased at the time, and Raymond envisioned a newspaper that would report the news from a neutral viewpoint.  

In 1851, four years after moving into the West 13th Street house, he made a bold career move.  He convinced George Jones, another New-York Tribune writer, to start their own newspaper.  They formed Raymond, Jones & Company, Inc. which founded The New York Times.  Raymond took the position of the newspaper's first editor.

Famed photographer Mathew Brady took this portrait of Henry Jarvis Raymond.  from the collection of the Library of Congress

Raymond successfully balanced his journalistic career with his political aspirations.  In 1850 Raymond, a Whig, was elected to the New York State Assembly, and in 1855 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York, a position he held for one year.  His "Address to the People," adopted by the Republican organizing convention in 1856 led to his being called "the godfather of the Republican Party."

In the meantime, Juliette focused attention on worthy causes.  By 1856 she was a manger of The Woman's Hospital, for instance.  

The Raymonds left West 13th Street in 1860, selling the house to importer Frederick Pfaff.   It was common for even well-to-do families to take in boarders and on November 21, 1861 an advertisement appeared in the New York Herald offering:

Board--A Private German family desires to let, to one or two single gentlemen, a handsomely furnished Room, with Bedroom adjoining, containing hot and cold water, with or without partial Board.  House has all the modern improvements.

Their two boarders in 1863 were E. Gillher and H. Garver.  That year the Government passed the Enrollment Act of 1863 (also known as the Civil War Military Draft Act).  Every male between the age of 20 and 45 years of age was required to enroll for the draft.  Gillher was drafted on August 18 and Garver's name was called two days later.

The Pfaffs continued to take in two boarders at a time, their ads clearly noting "gentlemen only."  It was a way to ensure that no disreputable woman sullied the reputation of their home.

In 1867 the Pfaff family moved to Staten Island and 134  West 13th Street became home to Thomas and Ann Harrison, and their daughter Catharine Ann.  

Catharine fell ill not long after moving into the house and she tragically died September 7, 1869 "after a long illness," according to the New York Herald, at the age of 22.  Less than a month later, on November 3, 1869 Thomas died at the age of 47.  Both their funerals were held in the parlor.

Ann Harrison left in 1872 and an auction of the household furnishings was held that April.  It became home to attorney Henry Major who lived in only a small portion of the house.  On August 19, 1873 he offered:

Furnished House--Rent $135 per month; present occupant reserving second floor (three rooms); house centrally located; neighborhood unexceptionable; especially desirable for physician, or private family only.

Unlike its use today, the term "unexceptionable" meant "unobjectionable," or having nothing to take exception to.  His asking rent would equal about $3,000 per month today.  

The tenants in 1876 were Albert L. Dodge, a liquor dealer with locations at 295 Canal Street and  419 Broadway, and his wife, Carrie.   Carried died that year on July 7.  Albert remained through 1877.

By the early 1890's the residence was a boarding house run by a Mrs. Moodey.  She made a heartfelt move in 1893 that would have caused most landladies in decorous neighborhoods to think twice.

Two Black teenagers in Baltimore, Sadie Chester and Jennie Jones, sneaked $15 from Jennie's parents, and took a train to New York City to find their fortunes.  The Evening World reported on October 25, 1893 "On arriving here they went to the Colored Mission, in Thirtieth street.  They remained there several days, and, being unable to get work decided to go home."

The girls bought two train tickets and took the ferry to Jersey City where they realized they had lost the tickets.  They had no money left to buy two more tickets.  The Evening World reported, "They remained in the Jersey City station all day, and night Saturday.  On Sunday a colored man took them to the Mount Olive Baptist Church, where an attempt was made to raise money to send them home, but it failed."

Things seemed to be getting better for the girls when Mrs. Moodey read of their plight.  The Evening World explained she "then took the girls home in order to communicate with their parents."  She sent a letter to Baltimore which backfired.  The Jones family sent a telegram to the New York Police "to hold the girls for stealing."  They were arrested and taken to the Tombs Police Court.  They pleaded with the magistrate, "We only borrowed it and were going to send it right back."

The 13th Street house continued to be operated as a boarding house until it was purchased in March 1920 by Arthur M. Wolfson, the principal of the High School of Commerce of the City of New York.  The New York Times commented that he "will remodel."

Wolfson had graduated from Harvard College in 1893 and in 1898 received his Ph.D.  By now he had published two textbooks on history and was a nationally-known educator.

Dr. Arthur M. Wolfson, School magazine, December 4, 1913 (copyright expired)

The Wolfson family remained at least through the mid-1940's.  In 1999 a renovation resulted in a two family dwelling.  

A marble Greek Revival mantel somehow survives.  photo via streeteasy.com

Although little of the 1842 interior details survive, from the 

exterior little has changed to the house.

photographs by the author

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