The Lost Jesse Crawford Whyte House and Store - 78 West 126th Street

 

To the left of the house, a wooden fence protects the horsewalk, or passage, that accessed the smaller residence in the rear.  image via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services.

Born in 1818, Jessie Crawford married James Whyte in Scotland around 1840.  The couple, who would have five sons and four daughters, arrived in America around 1850.  

The following year, Andrew Crawford (presumably Jessie's father) erected a two-story wooden house-and-store at 78 West 126th Street just east of Eighth Avenue (later renamed Frederick Douglass Boulevard).  The Harlem neighborhood in which the property sat was sparsely developed and was still mostly filled with farms and summer estates.  Crawford's humble building drew on the Italianate style.  That was especially apparent in the carpenter-made scrolled brackets below the eave line.  A second house sat in the rear yard.  

Jessie Whyte inherited the property in 1874.  It does not appear that the Whyte family occupied the property, but rented the two buildings.  Work-wanted advertisements often hinted at the social-economic status of the applicants.  One, on July 22, 1889, for instance, read: "Nurse or Chambermaid--By a young girl; willing and obliging; first-class references.  78 West 120th-st., rear."

The occupant of the rear house in 1896 placed an advertisement in the New York Journal that suggested she had made a heart-rending decision.  "A woman wishes to board her child where it will get mother's care.  McEvoy, 78 West 126th st., rear house."

Jessie Crawford Whyte bequeathed the property to her two eldest sons, David C. and James Richardson Whyte.  David transferred his portion on December 6, 1895 to James.  James was born on April 27, 1846 and married Emma Elizabeth Shafer in 1868.  The couple had nine children and, like David, they lived in New Jersey.

It appears that a physician occupied the ground floor at the time of the transfer.  He and his family would have lived behind the office.  Late in 1897, the front building was vacant and an advertisement on December 12 offered:

Back parlor, suitable for physician, newly furnished, hot, cold water; also second-story front and back rooms; fine location; references.  78 West 126th-st.

Instead, Louis Muliero signed a five-year lease for the ground floor on May 1, 1898 and moved his shoe store into the front space.  It would be the first of several shoe stores at the address.

The upper floor tenants at the turn of the century sought a cushy job, placing an ad in the New-York Tribune on June 8, 1900:

Caretakers--American couple; for vacant house; summer months or permanent; excellent reference and bond, no family; temperance.  Mr. Marion.  78 West 126th-st.

At the time of the Marions' ad, the Harlem neighborhood had greatly changed.  In 1879, elevated trains were extended into the area, making it a vibrant suburb.  In 1889, a dance school and hall was erected at 80 West 126th Street and in 1898 the Builders' League of New York erected a meeting hall at 74 West 126th Street.  The Whytes' little frame house was now a charming anachronism on the block.

The picturesque building, dwarfed by its neighbors, was captured by Charles Von Urban in 1932. from the collection of the Museum of the City of New York.

Raphael Maresco was born in Italy in 1882 and came to New York in 1889.  He saved up $200 and purchased Louis Muliero's shoe store.  Maresco did well and by 1904 he had accumulated $900 that he planned "to send over to Italy for the sweetheart he left there," according to The New York Times.

In July, Gregoric Delavere approached the 22-year-old and asked him if he would sell the store.  According to The Times, "they agreed upon a price, and Delavere said he would like to sit around the store for a day or two and get an idea of the character and amount of business Maresco was doing."

On the second day, Delavere went out and brought back cheese and crackers and a pitcher of beer.  Maresco recalled later that Delavere did not drink the beer.  That was because he had spiked it with what police called "knock-out drops."  According to Maresco, the next thing he knew, "he was lying on the bed in the rear of the store."  He had been passed out for 24 hours.  His $900 life savings and Delavere were both gone.

Six weeks later, on August 28, Maresco was walking along West 111th Street when he saw Delavere sitting on the stoop of No. 303.  "He called Policeman Nelson of the East One Hundred and Fourth Street Station, and Delavere was locked up."  It is unlikely that Maresco recovered his money.

The ground floor of 78 West 126th Street continued to house a shoe shop.  In September 1912, the Hanover Shoe Company signed a lease.

James Richardson Whyte died on November 2, 1928.  The West 126th Street property was inherited by his four adult children, Jessie Whyte, Elsie W. Noyes, Ida K. Walker and Howard Whyte.

At least one of their tenants during the Depression years was a bit shady.  On March 1, 1934, The New York Sun reported that 34-year-old Joseph Antico and a friend, Dominick Coppa, had been arrested for operating a policy racket.  (Policy games were illegal lotteries, later known as the numbers racket.  The games preyed on low-income persons who dreamed of quick riches.)

Two months earlier, The New York Times reported that 78 West 126th Street had been sold to the Northlone Realty Corporation.  The New York Sun mentioned that the property had "been owned for eighty-four years" by the Whyte family.

Tillie Epps leased the building from Northlone Realty Corporation.  She encountered a difficult tenant in Robert Johnson in 1938.  On May 14 that year, The New York Age reported sarcastically:

When your landlady has the audacity to insult your integrity and demean your pride by demanding that you either move from her premises or pay her the rent, you can hardly be blamed for making some sort of righteous indignation.

Tillie Epps had Johnson arrested when, according to her, he "threatened her with bodily harm when she demanded that he either pay his board or move out of the house."  Johnson was charged with disorderly conduct and evicted.

A demolition permit was issued for the property in 1943.  Somewhat astoundingly, the lot remains vacant.

The 1880 St. Nicholas - 10 St. Mark's Place

 

photograph by Anthony Bellov

Beginning in 1831, the three-block section of East 8th Street known as St. Mark's Place, saw the rise of refined Federal-style mansions.  Within two decades, the tenor of the neighborhood would change as over a million and a half German immigrants poured into the district.  By 1879, the vintage house at 10 St. Mark's Place between Second and Third Avenues sat within what was known as Kleindeutchland, or “Little Germany.”  One-by-one, private homes were replaced with tenement buildings.

On November 14, 1879, developer Michael Schultz hired German-born architect Jobst Hoffman to design a "five-story Nova Scotia stone tenement" on the 25-foot-wide lot.  Overall Queen Anne in style, Hoffman added neo-Grec touches to his design--particularly in the incised foliate decorations in the side piers and the lintels.  The complex pressed metal cornice included miniature columns at the sides, full-relief flowers along the top and the building's name, "St. Nicholas," within the fascia.  Construction cost Schultz $22,000, or about $714,000 in 2026 terms.

Close inspection reveals the monogram SN within the incised carvings within the tympanum of central arch.  photograph by Anthony Bellov

There were two spacious apartments per floor.  One of the second floor tenants in 1883 rented unused space, offering: "Handsomely furnished parlor and bedroom for one or two gentlemen, with gas and bath.  Second flat east side of 10 St. Mark's place."

Among the initial residents was Gottlieb Schmidt, a wine merchant whose shop was on Pearl Street.  He was already acquainted with another resident, Jane H. Lewis, when they moved in.  Jane explained that she was the widow of multi-millionaire Joseph L. Lewis, who died on March 5, 1877.  He left the bulk of his massive estate "to be applied toward the payment of the national debt," as reported by the New York Herald.  Jane Lewis almost immediately started proceedings to overturn the will.

Gottlieb Schmidt would be called into court to testify about what he knew about Jane Lewis who was, in fact, Jennie Holbrook, an "adventuress," as described by the New York Herald.  Calling her a "tall, lady-like person," on April 18, 1880 the newspaper explained that she had successfully passed herself off as Mrs. Lewis and assembled a "score of persons" to help her obtain part of the estate.  As Holbrook's hearing played out, the newspaper said, "it is at once an illustration of what mischief an unscrupulous and intelligent woman can work."

The Bauer family lived here in 1892 when The Evening World initiated the Sick Babies' Fund to help care for children of indigent families.  In reaction, a letter to the editor appeared on May 31 that read:

We are two little girls, Elsie and Margaret Bauer.  We have heard that there are a great many babies that are sick, and, as we love babies, especially the poor and sick ones, we saved 25 cents, and we will try to send double next time.

                Elsie and Margaret Bauer, 10 St. Mark's place.

Two years later, more children of the St. Nicholas helped the cause.  On September 7, 1894, The Evening World reported, "A sidewalk fair held by Doretta, Lillie and Abraham Freeman and Emma Myerhoff and Vira Squigle, at 10 St. Mark's place, yielded $4., but they gave $2 to a family that was in urgent need."

In the meantime, a respected resident was Dr. Frederick Louis Fuchs.  Well-known in the neighborhood, he was summoned to a wide variety of cases over the years.  In July 1892, for instance, he was called to the home of Robert Elder who lived across the street at 9 St. Mark's Place.  A bachelor, Elder went to a manicurist early that month who removed a corn from his toe.  A few days later, a "massage operator" noticed that the toe was swollen and Dr. Fuchs was called in.  "He said the swelling was gangrenous," said the New York Herald.  

Fuchs lanced the swelling, but it soon became necessary to amputate the toe.  And then the foot.  Six days after the second operation, the 57-year-old died.  Fuchs and the surgeon stressed that the corn was not the cause of his death, but diabetes.

As early as 1896, Dr. Fuchs served as assistant surgeon with the New York State National Guard with the rank of lieutenant.  He would remain in his St. Nicholas apartment at least through 1902.

A celebrated resident at the time was Andrew John Hughes, known to vaudeville audiences as Banjo Andy.  Born in Ireland in 1847, Hughes was working as a butcher's boy in Philadelphia when he learned to juggle.  He debuted on stage at the Walnut Street Theatre there.  When the Civil War broke out, he joined the Union Navy.  After the war, according to The New York Clipper, "he won fame as an Indian club swinger, and his name was known in Europe as well as America."  He married a "toe dancer," named Annie and they created a well-known song and dance team.  Following Annie Hughes's death in 1892, Andy "deserted the footlights to become a manager," according to The Sun.

Additionally, Andy Hughes became close friends with Tammany Hall bigwigs, most notably "Big Tim" Sullivan.  The relationship resulted in Hughes's being appointed a court officer in the Second Avenue Municipal Court.

On March 18, 1907, Andy Hughes "was taken with pneumonia," as reported by The Sun.  Among his visitors was District Attorney William Travers Jerome, whom the newspaper said "was an old friend."  At midnight on March 20, Hughes died at the age of 60.  His funeral was held at St. Ann's Church, which was filled with Tammany Hall and theatrical figures.

Among the residents here in 1915 was the Lesser familly.  The couple had six children, the eldest of whom was Jacob, who was 23.  Jacob Lesser worked as a "clothes presser," but lost his job in February that year.  Week after week, he unsuccessfully sought employment.  On June 5, the Evening World reported that his father "went to awaken him to go out and look for a job, as he had been doing regularly for the past five months."  He found Jacob dead.  The article said he, "hanged himself this morning from a curtain pole with a clothesline while despondent."

Also living here that year was the family of Elias Mohr, a "garment fitter."  Their 15-year-old daughter, Sophia, disappeared that year, sparking a multi-state search.  On December 6, The Evening World reported that the chief of police of Hartford, Connecticut notified New York City Police Headquarters that the teen had been found.  "Sophia's parents were notified to go for her at once."

While the article said, "Chief Farrell did not give the circumstances under which the girl was found," her brother, Dr. Frank Mohr had a theory.  He told a reporter "she might have been lured away by some one who had encouraged her love of dancing as she was anxious to go on the stage."

A renovation in 1936 divided the apartments in half, resulting in four units per floor.  By then, the German community had been mostly gone from the Lower East Side for several decades.

In 1941, Colonial Revival inspired multi-paned windows graced the first floor apartments.  via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services.

Among the tenants in 1951 was 23-year-old Arthur Riccardi, a dockworker.  He was arrested on August 22 that year for "possessing heroin for the purpose of selling it," according to The New York Times.

It was not the last time Riccardi's name would appear in newsprint.  On the night of February 15, 1957, he was drinking

at the Club Chantilly on West 4th Street.  At around 1:00 a.m., he got into a "brawl over money," as reported by The New York Times, with Daniel J. Sgobbo, alias Don Terry.  The article said, "Eighteen patrons fled when the fight began."  In the clash, Riccardi suffered "severe head injuries and a fractured left wrist."  He pulled out a handgun and killed the 30-year-old Sgobbo.  The article noted, "Both men were said to have long police records."

Sculptor Jacob Lipkin and his family lived in a basement apartment by 1960.  Born in the neighborhood in 1909, he studied art at the Art Students League, the Cooper Union, Leonardo da Vinci Art School and the Educational Alliance.  He and his wife, the former Dorothy Keogan, had two children, Carl and Laura, who were 14 and 17 years old respectively in 1960.  Although his work was exhibited regularly, it was an incident that year that caught the attention of readers nationwide.

Jacob Lipkin working in his apartment-studio at 10 St. Mark's Place around 1959.  photo by Img43vr

On January 7, The New York Times reported that Lipkin was threatened with a marshal's sale "to satisfy a $153.33 debt."  Within two days, hundreds of letters including donations had arrived from strangers--totaling more than $8,300.  But Lipkin would not accept the money, instead returning all of it.  The Times said, "The family is supported by his wife's salary of $70 a week as a secretary and the sculptor's fees of $30 for two art classes a week."  Asked if he did not owe it to his family to accept the help, Lipkin replied, "No; they would lose all respect for me."

Lipkin's sculptures would earn him awards, including the Antoinette Scudder Prize for Sculpture and the Ceceile Award for Sculpture (awarded by the Ceceile Gallery which staged a one-man show of his work).

The first floor stone has been painted a minty green and metal security entrance doors installed.  Nevertheless, the St. Nicholas survives in remarkable condition--other than desperately needing a careful cleaning.

many thanks to historian Anthony Bellov for suggesting this post.

The 1852 Charles C. Buxton Grocery - 380 Bleecker Street

 

In 1850, Charles C. Buxton and his family lived at 155 Amos Street, near his grocery store on Bleecker Street.  (Amos Street would be renamed West 10th Street in 1857.)  He was also an Inspector of the Eighth Ward Public Schools.  Buxton would have to relocate his business in 1851, when that building and four others were razed.  On the site, five four-story house-and-store buildings, which would later be numbered 372 to 380, were completed in 1852.  Arthur H. M. Haddock owned the new building that would be 380 Bleecker Street.

Almost identical to the others, it was faced in orange-red brick above the storefront.  Its design straddled the Greek Revival and Italianate styles, the former represented in the residential entrance with its sidelights, narrow pilasters and tripartite transom, and in the flat brownstone lintels and sills.  The cornice, on the other hand, was purely Italianate, with multiple scrolled corbels.

Haddock apparently had negotiated with Buxton prior to the demolition, and upon the building's completion, Buxton's grocery store moved into the ground floor.  (Haddock ran a cigar business on West Street and lived on West 11th Street with his business partner, William J. Haddock, most likely his father or brother.)

Living above the grocery store in 1853 was the family of Theron Losee, who was in the flour and produce business on Broad Street.  Born in Beekman, New York in 1813, Theron married Nancy Brown on September 5, 1842.  In 1853 their three children Celia E., Francis, and Theron Jr., were nine, seven, and three years old, respectively.  Also living with the family were Irish-born servants Margaret Sheron and Margaret Rogers.

By 1857, the upper portion of the house was occupied by three working class families.  Christian Hitzer was a shoemaker; Patrick McKenna was a smith, and John Richard worked in a stone yard.  

Charles C. Buxton operated his grocery store here at least through 1858.  As early as 1864, William T. Thompson's stationery store occupied the space.  Living upstairs that year were John Fling, who did not list a profession, suggesting he was retired; Baptiste Lamargot, a tailor; and P. J. Troy and his wife, Ann, and Ann's teenaged son, John Gilheeny.  

John Gilheeny went south to fight for the Union and, like the approximately 500,000 other soldiers who became victims of dysentery, typhoid, pneumonia, and malaria, the 19-year-old fell ill in Virginia.  On December 30, 1864, the New York Herald reported that he died "after a short but severe illness."  His body was returned to New York and his funeral was held in the Troys' rooms here.

The post-Civil War years saw a rapid turnover in commercial tenants.  In 1870, Ann M. Dolbeer ran her fancy goods store here; in 1873, Margaret and Susannah Mossman opened their "skirts" shop; and in 1876 the William Everett & Co. dairy store, was here.

That business was operated by John W. and William Everett.  At least one employee, Joel K. Schultz, who lived on Leroy Street, worked in the store.  It would remain into the early 1890s, by which time the business had been renamed Everett & Horton.

Living in rooms upstairs in 1895 was the Kay family.  Walter J. Kay, who was 17 years old that year, had been working for an embroidery factory making $3 a week (about $115 in 2026 terms), but he lost his job that spring.  At around 9:30 on the night of April 4, 1895, a policeman came across Walter sitting on the stoop of 63 Greenwich Avenue, apparently dozing.  He shook the teen by the shoulders and told him to move along.

According to Officer Gies, Walter "feebly protested, saying 'Don't,'" and told him that he had taken poison.  Walter told him that because he had lost his job, his mother had ordered him out of the house "because he didn't earn more wages," as reported by The Evening World.  Four days after leaving 380 Bleecker Street, he swallowed "a dose of oxalic acid," said the article.

Walter was taken to St. Vincent's Hospital where his stomach was pumped.  The New York Herald said on April 5, "He has a chance for his life."  A reporter visited 380 Bleecker Street where the Kays gave a much different version of the story.  They confirmed that they had not seen him since Monday, but said "they had no trouble of any kind with him, but that he was a very stubborn boy."  Mrs. Kay was even more direct, telling The Evening World, "he is a bad and wayward boy."

Thomas F. Himmelman lived here as early as 1901.  He was treasurer of The American Association of Isaac Pitman Shorthand Writers, established in 1895 "by a number of enthusiastic followers of Isaac Pitman," according to Pitman's Journal in 1912.  Himmelman was, as well, an avid reader.  He routinely wrote to The New York Times seeking hard-to-find works.  On November 30, 1901, for instance, he wrote, "I wish to obtain a copy of a recitation entitled 'The Dandy Fifth.'  It is a recitation pertaining to labor."  Another letter printed in The Times on February 7, 1903 read, "Will some kind reader inform me where I can obtain a copy of a very comical recitation entitled 'Sweet Kate Paoir,' and another, entitled 'The Continental Ghost'?"  The next year, in October, he asked, "Who is the author of a poem entitled 'Uncle,' and where can I obtain a copy of it?"

As early as 1909, the Crist & Herrick real estate office occupied the ground floor.  Interestingly, the partners became temporary custodians of a Revolutionary relic in 1911.  On January 13, The New York Times reported on the demolition of an old house at 102 Christopher Street.  Workers dismantling the foundation discovered "an old milestone inscribed in the large letters of the type used a century or more ago," said the article.  The milestone puzzled historians as well as the owners of the property, the Buxton estate.  (Whether this Buxton family was related to Charles C. Buxton is unclear, but tantalizing.)

The librarian of the New-York Historical Society was perplexed by the inscription, saying:

What camp is meant?  Was it one of the camps of the Revolutionary War of the Continental or British troops, or does it refer to some popular roadhouse frequented by the downtown residents on their drives up the old Bloomingdale and Kings Bridge roads?

The New York Times remarked, "The stone is in the real estate office of Crist & Herrick, 380 Bleecker Street, agents for the Buxton estate.

Thomas L. Himmelman was still writing to The New York Times in 1915, but one letter had nothing to do with books, poems or recitations.  It had to do with bicycling.  He wrote in part:

In this huge city of ours there are hundreds of men, like myself, chained to an office all day, who have little incentive to take proper physical exercise.  We have no funds for an auto, cannot keep a horse, and even walking alone becomes insipid.  Consequently, we hang around the house in the evenings and on Sundays or visit the theaters or "movies" or amuse ourselves in other sedentary ways.

He suggested the formation of a bicycle group.  "The object is merely to enable decent fellows to get together for a pleasant spin around the suburbs.  It may save them from infesting street corners, saloons, or poolrooms," he said.

Paul A. Soran lived here in 1919 when he went to Coney Island on July 4.  He went into the surf and did not return.  Three days later, The New York Times reported that his body had been recovered.

At 2:30 on the morning of September 3, 1922, a patrolman noticed resident William Shea enter a building at 312 Spring Street.  The New York Times reported, "He looked through an opening in the doorway and saw Shea standing near a bag.  The man talking with Shea ran upstairs when the patrolman approached."  When the policeman opened the bag, he found four quarts of whisky.  Shea was dumbfounded, said he did not own the bag, and knew nothing about it.  His plea worked.  When he faced Magistrate W. Bruce Cobb the next morning, he was discharged.

A plumbing firm occupied the ground floor space in the early 1940s.  image via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services.

In addition to handling the Buxton estate, Crist & Herrick was the realtors for the Arthur H. M. Haddock estate.  When the firm sold 380 Bleecker Street for Haddock's descendants Dorothy Hand, L. Estelle Clark and Florence Nickerson in February 1946, The New York Times remarked, "The property was held by the one family for ninety-five years."

For years in the mid-1950s throughout the 1960s, the storefront was home to Reubert Piano Co.  Its advertisements offered, "Reconditioned pianos for sale, tuning and expert repairing."

Reubert Piano Co. was supplanted around 1976 by odd bedfellows--the 380 Gallery and 380 Xerox Copy Center.  The gallery staged exhibitions, like the portrait sculptures of motion picture stars by Ron Kron in August 1977.  The copy center half of the space advertised, "color copies & slide enlargements" that year.  The unexpected, symbiotic coexistence continued throughout the 1980s.

Kitschen opened in the space in July 1995.  In reporting the opening, The Villager explained, "They sell kitchen accessories from the 1950s."  The vintage appliance shop remained for years.  By the early 2000s, a Ralph Lauren boutique occupied the space, and in 2014 a Robert Graham store moved in.  A Leset boutique currently occupies the shop.

photographs by the author

The William and Martha Hutcheson Mansion - 1211 Park Avenue

 

On June 29, 1889, the Real Estate Record & Builders' Guide reported that architects Flemer & Koehler had filed plans for eight stone-fronted homes on Park Avenue, wrapping around the northeast corner of 94th Street.  The project for developer Edward T. Smith would cost $112,000, or just under $500,000 per house in 2026 terms.

Quickly J. A. Henry Flemer and his partner, V. Hugo Koehler, would be at work filling in the remainder of the block.  Completed in 1889, the two projects created a harmonious blockfront of Queen Anne-style mansions.

1211 Park Avenue originally looked much like its architectural siblings to the left.

The Weil family occupied the 20-foot-wide 1211 Park Avenue as early as 1894.  By May 1922, when Fredericka Weil sold the house to William A. Hutcheson and his wife, the former Martha Brookes, its stoop had already been removed for the widening of the avenue.  

While the address was still fashionable, the home's Victorian design was not.  The Hutchesons hired architect William L. Bottomley to transport it from the 19th to the 20th century.  The mansion was enlarged to the rear, the brick-and-brownstone facade removed, and a stuccoed neo-Georgian front installed.   

The two entrances--the main and service doorways--flanked two windows on the ground level.  Directly above, the first floor, or piano nobile, was dominated by dignified French windows below a Georgian-inspired broken pediment and urn.  The fully arched windows of the top floor sat within shallow recesses.  A handsome stone balustrade crowned the understated molded cornice.

image via NYC Dept of Records & Information Services

William Anderson Hutcheson was vice president and actuary of the Mutual Life Insurance Company.  He and Martha were married in 1911 and the following year their only child, Martha Chipman (known as "Little Martha") was born.  

Martha Brookes Hutcheson was born in New York City in 1871 and spent her summers at the family's country home in Vermont.  It was possibly there that she was first drawn to gardening.

She entered the newly organized New York School of Applied Design for Women in 1893, and in the latter part of the decade toured the gardens of France, Italy and England.  Back home, she entered the newly established landscape architecture program at MIT.  By the time she met William, she had established herself as a prominent landscape architect, designing the grounds of Newburyport, the estate of Frederick Moseley; Alice Mary Longfellow's gardens in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and the Welwyn and Poplar Hill estates on Long Island.

Careers for females, especially for society women, most often ended with marriage.  And, so, in 1911 Martha retired from active practice.  She now turned her attention to the couple's 100-acre country estate, Merchiston Farm near Gladstone, New Jersey.  A working farm in the 18th century, Martha transformed its grounds into an "outstanding example of natural and classic landscape design," according to the Morris County Heritage Commission later.

Martha Brookes Hutcheson, from the collection of the Morris County Park Commission

The winter social season of 1930-31 was "Little Martha's" debut.  On August 20, 1930, the Chicago Tribune reported, "Mr. and Mrs. William Anderson Hutcheson will give a dinner dance Dec. 6 to introduce their daughter, Miss Martha Chipman Hutcheson."  The week following that event, the Hutchesons held a dinner-dance at the Colony Club.

Now introduced, Martha's name appeared in the society columns.  On February 6, 1932, The Evening Post reported, "Mr. and Mrs. William A. Hutcheson and their daughter, Miss Martha C. Hutcheson, entertained at dinner at their home, 1211 Park Avenue, later taking their guests to the Ritz-Carlton."

In 1935, Martha Brookes Hutcheson was made a fellow in the American Society of Landscape Architects, just the third woman to be so named.

An accomplished pianist, Martha Chipman Hutcheson was married to Charles McKim Norton (who rarely used his first name) in a garden ceremony at Merchiston Farm in the summer of 1939. 

The newlyweds in the gardens of Merchiston Farm.  from the collection of the Morris County Park Commission

In October 1943, the Hutchesons sold 1211 Park Avenue to Dorothy O. Hegler.  Her ownership was short-lived.  On July 24, 1945, The New York Times reported that Dr. George Hoppin Humphreys 2d had purchased the property.

Born on November 22, 1903, Humphreys was the son of John Stanford Humphreys, a professor of the department of architecture at Harvard.  He married Edith Sturgis in 1928 and they had three children, John Sanford, Cornelia, and Edith.

Humphreys graduated from Harvard University in 1925 and from its medical school in 1929.  He began his career as an intern at New York Presbyterian Hospital in 1930, becoming a pioneer in pediatric and chest surgery procedures.  The year after moving into 1211 Park Avenue, he was named chairman of the faculty of the hospital's College of Physicians and Surgeons.  The New York Times would later recall, "Dr. Humphreys earned an international reputation for the innovations he brought to operations of the esophagus."

By the 1980s, 1211 Park Avenue was home to Edwin and Mary Michael Gifford.  (Mary went professionally by her middle name.)  The couple, who were married in 1958, were partners in Gifford-Wallace, Inc., a public relations consulting firm.  Their country home was in Amagansett, Long Island.  They had three children, Mary-Elizabeth, Tierney, and Edward Jr.

The Giffords' work in the theater, government and media resulted in glittering entertainments in the Park Avenue mansion.  The East Hampton Star in 1988 remarked, "New York magazine once profiled the couple entertaining friends from the worlds of theater and journalism at late-night suppers."

Michael Gifford suffered a fatal heart attack at the age of 53 in May 1988.

Lindley Welsh Tiers and his wife, the former Sarah Morgan Gardner next occupied 1211 Park Avenue.  Born in 1911, Tiers was a nationally ranked tennis player in the late 1930s.  Sarah died at the age of 80 on April 20, 1996 and Lindley died two years later, on July 29, 1998, at 86.

The mansion was recently placed on the market for $8.5 million, the realtor calling it a "five story sensation."

photographs by the author

The 1874 Bloomingdale Turnverein - 341 West 47th Street

 

photograph by Carole Teller

Substantial German immigration into New York City began in the 1830s and continued to grow.  In the 1850s, around 800,000 Germans arrived, and while many dispersed to rural areas like Pennsylvania or Ohio, thousands settled in Manhattan's Lower East Side, creating Kleindeutschland, or Little Germany.  A smaller group, however, established a community further north in Hell's Kitchen, just below Bloomingdale Square.

In 1850, a group of German men organized the Bloomingdale Turnverein, or Bloomingdale Gymnastics Club.  They established the club in a vintage building at 341 West 47th Street.  In addition to being an athletic venue, the Bloomingdale Turnverein was (perhaps more importantly) a social club.  It routinely hosted outings and picnics in the summer months, and receptions and balls in the winter.

On June 28, 1869, the New-York Tribune reported that the gymnasium at 341 West 47th Street had been deemed unsafe, noting "Bloomingdale Turnverein, owner."  Apparently, adequate repairs were made to the structure, but two years later, on September 20, 1871, The New York Times reported, "The Bloomingdale Turnverein has recently established a boys' Turn school, and contemplates the erection of a new Turn hall."  (A Turn school-and-hall was a place where German youths could learn and play sports, similar to The Y today.)

The old structure was demolished and a four-story-and-basement, brick-faced edifice erected.  Looking much more like a rowhouse than a clubhouse, its transitional design straddled the Greek Revival and Italianate styles.  Above the stoop, Doric pilasters flanked the arched entrance and upheld an entablature and molded cornice that hailed visitors in German.

The openings originally wore molded lintels, and miniature brackets upheld the sills.  The fascia of the foliate-bracketed cornice announced "BL. Turnverein" and a parapet reflected the date of the ground-breaking: 1873.

In 1940, the window details had been shaved off, but most of the 1874 elements survived.  via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services.

In January 1873, as construction progressed, the Bloomingdale Turnverein released its annual report.  Although having only 150 members, its capital was $12,000, or about three-quarters of a million in 2026 dollars.  "The Turn school, established by the society, is attended by 175 boys and 38 girls," reported the New-York Tribune.

The building was designed to generate rental income, as well.  In addition to the Bloomingdale Turnverein's clubrooms and gymnasium, the structure held several meeting rooms.  They would be rented by a variety of organizations over the coming years--political, social and ethnic groups, for instance--that used them as their clubrooms on specific weeknights, or for one-time meetings.

On March 29, 1874, an advertisement in the New York Dispatch offered:

To Let--An Elegantly Furnished Lodge-Room (with parlors attached), in the New Hall of the Bloomingdale Turnverein, No. 341 West Forty-seventh street.  Inspection invited.

The halls immediately became popular.  On February 25, 1876, for instance, the New-York Tribune reported, "The XVIIth Assembly District Republican Association held their regular monthly meeting last evening at No. 341 West Forty-seventh-st."  A resolution that night reflected the substantial German presence in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood.  It said in part:

It would be wise to admit the President of the German Republican Central Committee, and the Chairman of the German Republican Central Committee, as ex-officio members of the Central Committee of the Regular Republican Association.

And on June 29, 1884, the New York Dispatch announced that the Masonic Park Lodge No. 516 "meets first and third Tuesdays, at Turn Hall, No. 341 West Forty-seventh st."

A major holiday for German immigrants was Pfingst-Montag, or Whit Monday.  On May 22, 1877, the New-York Tribune reported, "The celebration of Pfingster began Saturday at noon, when all German workmen stopped work and prepared to take part in the religious observance of Sunday.  Monday and Tuesday are given entirely to holiday amusements, such as picnics, parades, festivals, balls, and athletic exhibitions."  The article said, "The Bloomingdale Turnverein paraded through the streets in the upper part of the city in the morning, and then enjoyed a picnic at Lion Park."

The annual Pfingst-Montag celebrations were always covered by the press.  Five years later, on May 30, 1882, the New-York Tribune reported on the festivities held at Jones's Woods.  "There were athletic contests and exhibitions of all kinds by members of the New-York and the Bloomingdale Turn-Vereins," said the article.  "A band of wind instruments played continually while the games and contests were going on, and in the dancing pavilion an orchestra furnished music to the crowds of young people who danced all the afternoon and until late at night."

Rooms for socials like this one by the Victoria Coterie were rented on a one-time basis.  The New York Globe, January 27, 1883 (copyright expired)

On November 29, 1887, the New York Herald announced that the West 47th Street building had "become inadequate" for the Bloomingdale Turnverein, "owing to the increase in members and scholars."  The club had raised funds to obtain a "larger and more suitable building."  

Another German organization, the New York Central Schuetzen Corps (or shooting club), took over 341 West 47th Street.  The group embarked on a major trip in the spring of 1890.  Forest and Stream reported on May 22, "The New York Central Schuetzen Corps, which will start for the great international shooting festival on June 3, held a farewell meeting and banquet at its rooms, 341 West Forty-seventh street, on the evening of May 14."  That international event was being held in Berlin.  "Their departure will be celebrated by a big all-day German picnic in Hoboken," said the article.

Like the Turnverein, the Schuetzen Corps leased lodge rooms.  Among those renting space in the early 1890s were the Ornamental Plasters' and Shop Hands' Society, the Colored Republican Club, and the West Side Athletic Club.  The latter group held "a stag" on November 11, 1893.  The event included boxing, including "a special bout of six rounds between Harry Martin and Jack Russell."

The changing demographics of Hell's Kitchen was reflected in Irish groups taking space here in the early years of the 20th century.  The New York Philo-Celtic Society began leasing space beginning around 1906.  That year, on April 24, The New York Times reported that it "will produce, in Gaelic...'An Posadh' at the Lexington Avenue Opera House."  The play (the English title of which is The Marriage) "shows the Irish people in their everyday life," said the article.

The date of the ground breaking and "BL. TURNVEREIN" were announced atop the building. via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services.

The Society's staging of the play in Gaelic was notable.  Determined that Irish roots and culture were not diluted in their new country, it held language classes here.  On October 30, 1909, The Gaelic American reported, "The classes for the study of Irish, which are under very competent teachers, will be held all during the winter on Sundays from 3 to 6 P.M. and on Thursdays from 8 to 10 P.M. at 341 West Forty-seventh street."

Also renting a lodge room at the time were the County Mayo Men's Association and the Irish Counties Athletic Union.  There was a bit of scandal within the former in the spring of 1907.  The group had held a ball the previous St. Patrick's Day.  A review of the books showed that $300 of ticket sales, which were received by the secretary, John T. McIntyre, was not accounted for.  Now, treasurer Peter J. Delaney, discovered that McIntire had collected $30 in dues from members, but never turned it in.  (The total embezzlement would equal nearly $11,500 in 2026 terms.)  On April 9, 1907, McIntire was arrested and jailed.

When Theodore Stucky purchased the building, he renamed it Unity Hall.  While groups continued to lease space as their clubrooms, Stucky gradually wooed theatrical concerns as the nearby Times Square increasingly became the center of Manhattan's theater district.

Stucky suggested that lodge rooms could be used as rehearsal halls.  Masonic Standard, June 3, 1916 (copyright expired)

While Irish groups continued to gather here (in 1919, for instance, The Loyal Orange Order of Protestantism held its meetings here), increasingly theatrical groups rented space.

On June 14, 1919, for instance, The Moving Picture World reported, "The Film Social Club, the membership of which is made up of the operating forces of the various film exchanges, gave its first dance and vaudeville entertainment at Unity Hall, 341 West Forty-seventh street, New York on Thursday evening, May 29."  

Meetings held here two months later were more serious.  Actors nationwide went on strike.  On August 19, 1919, a meeting of the Actors Equity Association was held here that "may result in the mediation of the actors' strike," said the New York Herald.  

Theodore William Stucky was described by the New York Herald as being "identified with the activities of the French colony in this city for many years."  The newspaper said he "owned considerable property on the West Side, among his holdings being Unity Hall...the scene of rehearsals for many big Broadway productions."

Stucky was not merely taking advantage of the building's proximity to the entertainment district, he was fully entrenched in the theater.  He organized the Cercle d'Art Francaise (French Art Circle) and was a major financial supporter of the Operetta Francaise.  (The New York Herald clarified, "Mr. Stucky, despite his associations here, was not a Frenchman.  He was born in Switzerland.")  

In the fall of 1920, Cercle d'Art Francaise produced the opera La Mascotte.  The 16-member cast played in New England and in Washington D.C., but when they opened in Worcester, Massachusetts, it failed and the entire cast and crew were stranded.

Resultantly, Stucky was greatly concerned about finances.  A bachelor, he lived on Riverside Drive, but his office and that of the Cercle d'Art Francaise were at 341 West 47th Street.  The building's superintendent, Frederick Carter, and his family lived in an apartment, most likely in the basement.  On February 5, 1921, Stucky saw Carter's five-year-old daughter in the hallway.  The New York Times reported, "Mr. Stucky picked up the child and, after kissing her several times, began to weep.  'My darling,' he said to the child, 'I am glad you haven't the worries I have.'"

He had told Carter that he had been threatened by creditors and "feared for his life."  At around 4:00 on the afternoon of February 5, Catherine Valo noticed a man pacing back and forth near a bench on which she was sitting at the foot of the Queensboro Bridge.  Shortly afterward, she saw the man climb the railing and jump.

Valo ran to a policeman.  At the point when the man jumped, he found a coat containing "several papers," according to The New York Times.  One was a card printed, "Theodore W. Stucky" on the front.  On the other side, in French, was written, "My Dear Friends: I am sick and am going to end my life."

Irish groups continued to rent spaces in Unity Hall.  An announcement in The Advocate on October 25, 1924 read: "Reception and Dance of the Cork, Kerry and Limerick Boys at Unity Hall, 341 West 47th St., near 9th Ave.  Every Saturday Night.  American and Irish dancing."  And nearly three decades later, on May 30, 1953, the newspaper reported on the "largely attended meeting of the Cork Ladies in the Irish Counties Athletic Union Hall, 341 West 47th St."

In 1942, the Theatre Showcase opened here in one of the former lodge rooms that had previously been converted to a wedding chapel.  On March 20, 1942, Saroyan's one-act play Across the Board on Tomorrow Morning opened.  Four months later, on July 14, The Goldfish Bowl premiered.

In the late 1960s, composer Harvey Schmidt and his partner and lyricist Tom Jones converted the Theatre Showcase to Portfolio Studio.  Schmidt and Jones, best known perhaps for The Fantasticks, were also the creators of musicals like I Do, I Do; 110 in the Shade; and Celebration.  On June 7, 1970, The New York Times said, "they have set up their own theater, Elizabethan stage, dressing rooms and offices."

On December 6, 1974, the newspaper reported that Schmidt and Jones "will present 'Portfolio Revue,' the first of their four original musicals making the team's workshop theater, a converted brownstone, a public showcase."  Four months later, on April 10, 1975, the newspaper announced, "The new Tom Jones-Harvey Schmidt musical, 'Philemon,' reopens tonight...for a six-week run at the team's Portfolio Studio."

Portfolio Studio made way for The 47th Street Playhouse the following year.  On July 15, 1976, In Dublin's Fair City, a revue, opened in the remodeled venue.

The end of theatrical performances here came in 1982 when the building was purchased and emptied in anticipation of conversion to residential purposes.  At the time, police were dealing with a rash of pipe bombings.  In 1981, there were 12 non-terrorist and 11 terrorists explosions.  The next spring, on May 13, 1982, The New York Times reported, "So far this year, the police said, there have been six bomb explosions attributed to 'non-terrorist' actions and six explosions attributed to terrorist groups."  One of the most recent was "in a vacant building at 341 West 47th Street," said the article.

photograph by Carole Teller

The renovation was completed in 1985, resulting in two condominium apartments per floor.  All remnants of the Bloomingdale Turnverein were erased, including the parapet and frieze, and the German inscription above the doorway.

many thanks to artist Carole Teller for suggesting this post