The Albert Rathbone House -- No 45 East 78th Street

In 1902 the first bricks were laid in the construction of architect Cass Gilbert’s masterful Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House at No. 1 Bowling Green.  In stark contrast to its majestic Beaux Arts design was the architect’s home at No. 45 East 78^th Street which he purchased that same year.

The Victorian brownstone, built just after the end of the Civil War, had been home for years to well-to-do cigar importer Emanuel Max Heimerdinger.  At 16-feet wide it was a comfortable but unpretentious dwelling.

While Gilbert was living here and designing some of the nation’s most impressive buildings, 34-year old attorney Albert Rathbone was making a name for himself.   A graduate of Williams College, he had earned his law degree at the Albany Law School in 1889.  In 1901 he was made a partner in the firm of Butler, Notham, Joline & Mynderse. In 1903 he and his wife, the former Emma Marvin Olcott, purchased the old house at No 130 East 60^th Street from Henry P. Goldstein.

A decade later, in the spring of 1913, Cass Gilbert and his wife were gone from East 78^th Street.  Rathbone purchased their former home and the one next door at No. 47.  Just two years earlier Rathbone had commissioned Arthur C. Jackson to modernize his 60^th Street house with new windows and toilets.  Now he brought the architect back for a much more substantial project.

The two old rowhouses were demolished and in their place Jackson designed a handsome, neo-Federal residence which drew its inspiration from the New York City houses of the first years of the 19^th century.  Faced in variegated Flemish bond brick, its centered, double-doored entrance was framed in marble.  A delicate fanlight set within a rectangular transom admitted light.  Elegant arched French windows opened onto miniature iron balconies at the second floor.  Splayed marble lintels dignified the upper openings; and a handsome balustrade of alternating solid and open panels crowned the cornice.

Perhaps the scale of the $80,000 project confused the reporter for the Real Estate Record & Builders’ Guide.  When the journal announced that Jackson had filed plans on April 26, 1913, it called the building a “four-story brick tenement.”  Two months later, on June 7, it corrected itself when reporting that the Edward Corning Co. had won the contract to erect the “residence.”  In those two months the cost of the mansion had risen to $100,000—around $2.5 million in 2016.

Somewhat surprisingly, when the house was completed in 1914, the Rathbone family did not immediately move in.  Instead, in November, it was leased to William H. Hamilton for the season.  That may have had to do with the Rathbone’s extensive travel at the time.  With his practice focused on railroads, in 1913 he was immersed in the reorganization of the St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad; and in 1914 the reorganization of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, the Pere Marquette Railroad, the Detroit United Railway, among other large corporations.

Albert Rathbone -- from the collection of the Library of Congress

Nevertheless, Albert, Emma and their two daughters, Grace and Anna, were firmly settled in the 78^th Street mansion in time for Anna Talcott Rathbone’s debut into society.  On December 28, 1915, Emma gave a tea dance in the house, followed by a dinner and theater party.

When war broke out in Europe many society girls threw themselves into war relief work.  Grace Olcott Rathbone traveled to Paris in 1916 to serve in the American Ambulance Hospital.  She was still there on July 8, 1917 when her parents announced her engagement to Charles Ferriday Neave.   Only six days later the engagement of her sister Anna was announced.  Like Charles Neave, Anna’s fiancé, Robert Livingston Johnson, was assigned to an Officers’ Reserve Training Camp.

Robert Livingston Johnson had attained the rank of Lieutenant when he receiving his orders in August 1917 to ship off to Europe.  The plans for a society wedding were suddenly disrupted.  The couple was married in the 78^th Street house on August 20; The Sun noting “The wedding was hurriedly arranged, as the bridegroom is under orders for foreign service.”  Grace’s fiancé, also a Lieutenant now, stood in as Robert’s best man.

Earlier that year, when the United States entered the war, Albert Rathbone was “employed” by the Treasury Department as an advisor, with the salary of $1 a year.  The day before Anna’s wedding, President Woodrow Wilson nominated him to the post of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, while Oscar T. Crosby represented the Treasury Department in France.

He entered the Treasury Department in January 1918 and for the next two years 78^th Street would see little of the Rathbones.  On May 25, 1918 he was appointed to the Treasury’s War Loan staff; and was made Assistant Secretary of the Treasury and put in charge of the Foreign Loan Bureau on September 4.

Following the end of the war, President Wilson sent Rathbone to Europe on October 2, 1919 “as financial adviser to the Peace Mission,” as stated in The New York Times.  Still the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, he represented the United States within the international Reparation Commission until April 1920.  He resigned his Government position in June 30 that year.

Grace’s marriage to Lt. Charles Neave had never come to pass.   The Rathbones were still living at No. 45 East 78^th Street when she married the Harvard-educated attorney Leonard Dawson Adkins on September 29, 1923.  But the family would be gone from the mansion within the decade.

The address which had been associated with one of America’s foremost architects would be so again when broker George Browne Post and his wife moved in.  A founder of the firm Post Flagg, he was the son of eminent architect George Browne Post—responsible for some of Manhattan’s most familiar structure like the New York Stock Exchange, the New York World Building (once the tallest building in the world), and the old New York Post Building.

Post and his wife, the former Julia James Smith, maintained a country estate in Bernardsville, New Jersey, and entertained lavishly in the 78^th Street house during the winter season.   The banker died on May 25, 1937 leaving an estate of over $1.5 million.  The end of the line for No. 45 East 78^th Street as a single family home came soon thereafter.

Julia Post leased the house to Finch Junior College for several years until she sold it in July 1942 to the Jesuit Missions.   In reporting the sale on July 17, The Times mentioned that it was assessed at $127,000.

Now called the Jesuit Mission House or the Jesuit Missions Residence; the mansion housed priests on the staff of the Jesuit Missions Magazine and members of the Jesuit Educational Association.  By 1961 the Jesuits were using the building for the Sophia University Associates of America, “a non-profit organization for East-West cultural exchange,” as described by Father Aloysius J. Miller, its founder and dean.

When the Jesuits sold the house in 1966 Finch College returned.  In 1967 the Rathbone mansion received a massive interior renovation that reflected the needs of the institution—such as the television room on the second floor, along with offices, study rooms, dormitory and dressing rooms, and a tenants’ laundry room.

The house was sold in 1976 to the Institute for the New Age which operated the Center for the New Age here until around 1992 when the C & M Arts gallery moved in.  The mansion would continue being used as an art gallery for years, successively the L&M Arts gallery, and the Mnuchin Gallery in 2013 (Robert Mnuchin was the “M” in C & M Arts and in L&M Arts).  In 2009 Mnuchin had once again renovated the house, creating gallery and office space on the first three floors and a duplex apartment in the top stories.

Only a small, innocuous banner announces the gallery's presence.

From the sidewalk, however, the elegant neo-Federal mansion is essentially unchanged since its completion in 1914.

photographs by the author

The Lawrence L. Gillespie Mansion -- No. 11 East 89th Street

The year 1910 was momentous for banker Lawrence Lewis Gillespie. 

Born in Chicago on December 23, 1876, he was graduated from Harvard in 1898.  But he was not present at the ceremony.  In his own words he later explained “In May of my graduating year I entered the volunteer service of the United States in the war against Spain as a second lieutenant in the First Regiment Volunteer Engineers.   As I had taken some extra courses during my four years, my degree was sent to me.”

Now in 1910 he stepped down from his position as Vice President and Director of the Equitable Trust Company of New York to enter the banking and brokerage firm of J. S. Bache and Company.   The same year he was instrumental in establishing the International Aviation Tournament at Belmont Park, Long Island (he was a founder of the Aero Club of America ).  And he asked the wealthy Irene Muriel Sherman to marry him.

Irene was the daughter of the immensely wealthy William Watts Sherman and his wife, Sophia Augusta Brown.  The family lived in a mansion at No. 838 Fifth Avenue; but it was their architecturally-masterful cottage in Newport where the bulk of their social entertainments was held.

Lawrence and Irene shared equally-impressive pedigrees.  Gillespie’s forebears included Stutely Wescote, the Revolutionary Governor’s counsel of Rhode Island; Abraham Pierson, first president of Yale; and Edward Watrous, “who fought the Indians in 1780.”  His father, General George L. Gillespie had been chief engineer on General Sheridan’s staff during the Civil War.

Irene could count Philip Shearman as an ancestor.  He arrived in Roxbury, Massachusetts in 1633.  On her mother’s side was Chat Brown, one of the original proprietors of Rhode Island and the pastor of the First Baptist Church in 1642.  Roger Sherman helped draft and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

The engagement of two socially-prominent players created the expected stir.  A telegram from Newport to the New-York Tribune on July 23, 1910 read “Lispenard Stewart entertained at dinner this evening in honor of Miss Irene Sherman and Lawrence L. Gillespie.”  It added, “It was announced to-day that the wedding of Miss Irene Sherman and Lawrence L. Gillespie, which is to take place on September 8, is not to be a church wedding.  Instead, it is to take place at the home of Miss Sherman’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. William Watts Sherman, and will be a quiet affair.”

There was nothing exceptional about the announcement.  Sherman weddings tended to be held in one of family mansions.   Lawrence and Irene would be married in the Newport cottage.  The following year the wedding of Irene’s sister, Mildred, to Lord Camoys of England was held in the 5^th Avenue home.

When the newlyweds returned to New York following their honeymoon Lawrence Gillespie began shopping for a home.  In 1911 he began negotiations on the “old Brinckerhoff residence at 19 East Eightieth Street,” reported The New York Times, “but owing to various restrictions on the property the sale was not made.”

Instead, in November that year, Gillespie purchased the vacant at No. 11 East 89^th Street from the estate of Laura Manley.  On November 17, 1911 The New York Times announced “Ground will be broken at once for a five-story American basement dwelling, with a white marble front.”

Gillespie commissioned architect Arthur C. Jackson to design his mansion.   Completed in 1913, the neo-Renaissance mansion rose six stories rather than the originally-projected five.   Both the main and service entrances were deeply recessed and protected by heavy double gates of iron and glass.  

The restrained design of the 25-foot wide mansion was highlighted by exuberant elements like the ornate iron balcony at the second floor which incorporated the unicorn of the Gillespie coat of arms into the design, a shallow balustraded balcony at the fifth floor and a copper mansard roof with hooded dormers.  A wide service alley at the side allowed Jackson to add openings on the eastern wall.

The New York Times said “At 11 East Eighty-ninth Street the new home of Lawrence L. Gillespie was lately completed, and, with its artistic front, is a notable addition to the block.”

The drawing room was pictured in Good Furniture and Decoration in July 1915 (copyright expired)

Irene Gillespie was highly involved in charity and social activities.   She was a member of the Schola Cantorum which The Sun described as “composed of many people of social prominence who are interested in vocal training,” and devoted many hours to her favorite charity, the New York Nursery and Child Hospital.

Like the Shermans, Lawrence and Irene Gillespie were highly visible in Newport society.   Lawrence would become a trustee of the Newport Historical Society and of the Redwood Library in Newport; and Irene’s entertainments were highly anticipated.   On August 26, 1913 The Times announced that Irene’s mother’s third anniversary gift to the couple was “the estate at Bellevue and Hazard Avenues, known as the Mrs. John Carter Brown homestead.”

Mrs. John Carter Brown was Irene’s deceased grandmother.  The newspaper described the estate as comprising more than seven acres and said “The cottage is one of the most attractive in Newport, having every modern convenience and being charmingly furnished.”   The value of the generous anniversary gift, assessed at $49,300 at the time, would be in the neighborhood of $1.2 million today.

The street number is incorporated into the wreath decorations on the double iron entrance gates.

On December 20, 1915 Eileen S. S. Gillespie was born in the New York mansion.  A year later her sister, Phyllis was born and in 1924 the Gillespie’s third daughter, Doris Beryl Gillespie came along.

Irene Gillespie strikes a post in Newport in 1921 -- The New-York Tribune, July 15, 1921 (copyright expired)

During the winter season of 1919-1920 the Gillespies hosted “a series of dinners.”  One in particular caught the attention of society page readers.  On September 15, 1909 Anita Rhinelander Stewart had married Dom Miguel of Braganza, Infante of Portugal, Duke of Viseu.  The beautiful American heiress now became Princess Miguel de Braganza.  In 1920 she was back in New York and apparently spending much time with Irene and Lawrence Gillespie.

On February 4 the New-York Tribune noted “Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence L. Gillespie will give a dinner this evening at their house 11, East Eighty-ninth Street, for the Princess Miguel de Braganza."  Two days earlier the princess had shared a box at the opera with the Gillespies, Mrs. William Watts Sherman and Lawrence S. Butler. 

The Princess Braganza was at Irene’s side two years later when Irene hosted a charity event for the blind in Newport.   On August 6, 1922 the New-York Tribune reported “Mrs. Lawrence Lewis Gillespie, who is interested in work for the blind and done much to help the pioneer Lighthouse, has offered to throw open her house for a sale in their behalf on Tuesday afternoon.”  Along with the princess, the newspaper said Irene had “secured the co-operation of a number of prominent Newport residents,” including Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, Mrs. Phillip Rhinelander 2^nd, “Mrs. Vanderbilt,” Mrs. J. Stewart Barney and others.

Princess Miguel de Braganza was as beautiful as she was wealthy -- photograph by Bain News Service from the collection of the Library of Congress

Even the slightest movements of Newport’s socially important were carefully reported and on August 1 that same year the Tribune noted that “A children’s birthday party for twenty-five guests was given by Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Lewis Gillespie for Miss Phyllis I. R. Gillespie.”  Phyllis was seven years old at the time.

In 1927 construction began on the Church of the Heavenly Rest, behind the Gillespie mansion, at No. 2 East 90^th Street.   Irene Gillespie may have donated time and money to worthy charities, but not even a church would get away with damaging her home.  On June 20, 1929 The New York Times reported “Mrs. Irene Gillespie of Newport, R. I., sued the wardens, rector and vestrymen of the Church of the Heavenly Rest…in Federal court yesterday for $35,000 and interest from January, 1927, for damages alleged to have been done to a six-story building at 11 East Eighty-ninth Street which she owns.”  Irene asserted that her white marble mansion had been damaged “during blasting on the church property.”

A nearly unbearable tragedy visited the family on Sunday May 10, 1931 when 7-year old Doris died in the house.  Her parents’ intense grief was suggested by the closing words of the obituary.  “Funeral private.  Kindly omit flowers.”

In 1939 Lawrence L. Gillespie’s health began to fail.   On February 7, 1940 the 63-year old suffered a cerebral hemorrhage in the 89^th Street house.   Around his bed when he died were Irene, his two daughters and Phyllis’s husband, Alan T. Schumacher.  Funeral services were held in the mansion on the following Saturday morning before his body was taken to Newport for burial.

If the Government expected hefty inheritance taxes from the banker’s heirs, it was not to be.    It appears that all real estate, cash and valuables had already been transferred to Irene.  A month following his death, The New York Times reported “Lawrence Lewis Gillespie, retired banker and broker…left an estate of less than $1,000, according to the probate petition filed yesterday with his will.”

Irene was the sole beneficiary of the $1,000 estate.  “In petitioning the court to accept jurisdiction in the estate, Mrs. Gillespie said she owned a house at 11 East Eighty-ninth Street, where she lived about five months each year.”

Later that year, on December 26, Eileen was married to John Jermain Slocum in the 89^th Street house.  In announcing the planned event, The Times noted that “Owing to mourning for the bride-elect’s father, the wedding will be very small, with only immediate members of the two families present at the ceremony.”

With the advent of World War II, Eileen moved back into the family mansion as her husband, now a United States Army captain, went off to serve.  On November 27, 1944 the couple’s baby daughter was born in the house.

Irene Sherman Gillespie continued to live on in the mansion until May 1967.  Now 80 years old, she sold it to The Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls for $350,000.  After half a century as the home of the Gillespie family, it was converted to a convent.

The interiors of the Gillespie mansion suffered abuse when, in 1991, it was converted for use by the Day School of the Church of the Heavenly Rest, the target of Irene Gillespie’s law suit 62 years earlier.   It became the Trevor Day School’s Pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten classes.

Irene Gillespie would not recognize her once-elegant entrance hall (above).  Hideous bars protruding upward from the staircase railing prevented school children from tumbling overboard.  http://lesliegarfield.com/Properties/viewproperty/43958TH

Despite the abuse inside, the outward appearance of the Gillespie mansion is essentially unaltered.

non-credited photographs by the author