Lafayette A. Goldstone's 1930 19 Rector Street (88 Greenwich Street)

 

photo by ZeligJr

In 1929, months before the Stock Market crash that would usher in the Great Depression, the Gening Realty Corporation broke ground for what was intended to be a 40-story office building at the southwest corner of Rector and Greenwich Streets.  Gening Realty Corporation was described as a "syndicate representing the General Realty & Utilities Company and A. M. Bing & Son."  On March 11, 1930, the New York Sun reported that General Realty & Utilities had financed a $3.35 million building loan for the project--a significant $61 million in 2024.

The article noted, "The forty-story building under construction at 19 Rector street [is] from plans by Lafayette A. Goldstone."  Goldstone had dissolved his partnership with William L. Rouse in 1926.  The highly successful firm of Rouse & Goldstone had designed dozens of substantial Manhattan buildings, most of them apartment houses.

By the time construction was completed later that year, the plans had been scaled back to 35 floors of offices and a penthouse apartment.  (In 1936, the penthouse was converted to offices, as well.)  Goldstone's Art Deco skyscraper was clad in beige brick above a two-story limestone base.  Numerous asymmetrical setbacks at the upper levels provided several terraces.

The two-story base, see here in 1939, is only moderately changed today.  photo from the Gottscho-Schleisner Collection of the Library of Congress

Despite the ongoing Depression, the offices filled with tenants.  Louis W. Abrons, the president of General Realty & Utilities Corporation, told the New York Sun in May 1933, "It is interesting to note that the leading applicants for space comprise, in addition to members of the Stock Exchange and Curb Exchange, accountants and firms associated with railroads and steamship lines."  

Typical was the brokerage firm John L. Morgenthau & Co.  It was headed by millionaire John L. Morgenthau, the nephew of former U.S. Ambassador to Turkey, Henry Morgenthau.  The firm had its offices in the building as early as 1932.  Among the few tenants not involved with brokerage or shipping were the Reynolds Metals Company and Dobbins-Trinity Coal, Inc.  In 1938 the Waterman Steamship Agency, Ltd. leased the entire 19th floor.  

Engineers with The H. K. Ferguson Company work at drafting tables in 1947 (top), while clerical workers occupy the mid-century equivalent of work cubicles.  The firm, which had branch offices in Cleveland and Houston, was industrial engineers and builders.  photo from the Gottscho-Schleisner Collection of the Library of Congress

The tenant list became more diverse after mid-century.  The 1950s continued to see shipping related firms like the American Railway Institute and the Pearl Assurance Company here.  But the Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company occupied offices by 1951, and in 1959 Wood & Selick Coconut Co., Inc. and the Camp Fire Club of America were tenants.

By 1960, a major tenant was the New York Telephone Company.  Among its employees was chief telephone investigator Harold A. McElroy.  Among his responsibilities was performing court ordered wiretaps on suspected criminals.  

Late in 1961, McElroy was visited by Police Captain Anthony Obremski, who, according to McElroy, "identified himself as the new commander of the Third Division (Midtown)" and asked for his cooperation.  He told McElroy, "the third Division had a fund to compensate those who gave the police valuable information and that Mr. McElroy would get $100 a month," as reported by The New York Times.

Obremski telephoned McElroy "from time to time," who then supplied him with confidential information obtained through wiretaps.  Once a month a plainclothes officer would meet McElroy in the hallways of 19 Rector Street to slip him his $100.  He told investigators later, as reported by The New York Times, "he had not regarded the payoffs as bribes.  He said he had not reported them on his income tax forms because he looked upon them as gratuities, for helping the police cut corners."

In fact, Obremski was misusing the information being collected for legitimate NYPD investigations.  He was later arrested and charged with using "information about wiretaps to protect bookmakers who were paying graft and to shake down others," said The New York Times on August 11, 1964.  McElroy was suspended from his job but avoided prosecution by testifying.

In 1972 the West Side Highway Project moved into offices on the sixth floor here.  On April 23, The New York Times said, "An unusual amalgam of city, state and private talent is quietly at work here, drawing up plans for a new West Side Highway."  The planners were "quiet," said the article, "because opposition to some earlier proposals has been fierce."

Two years later, on March 26, 1974, The New York Times reported, "Despite protests from community planners, key state and city officials appeared ready yesterday to press for Federal designation of the entire Hudson shore corridor from the Battery to the George Washington Bridge as an interstate expressway route."  The project included replacing the "dilapidated elevated highway," and was the first step in the massive redevelopment of the Hudson riverfront.

In 1997, 19 Rector Street was purchased by Greystone Management.  On the evening of December 23, it "brought its own nonunion workers to the building," reported The New York Times.  "When the regular maintenance crew showed up a few hours later, they found that their jobs had been eliminated."  The 25 workers, some who had worked in the building for more than two decades, found themselves unemployed two days before Christmas.  The article continued, "The displaced workers said Greystone offered them applications for jobs with no sick time, virtually no benefits and lower wages--$8 an hour, compared with $15."

Importantly, the article mentioned, "The 37-story [sic] Art Deco building, built in the 1920's [sic], reportedly will be gutted and turned into condominiums."  Two years later, on November 21, 1999, the newspaper began an article saying, "Just when it seemed there couldn't be another conversion from office to residential in the Financial District, developers announced that a former office tower, an Art Deco skyscraper at 88 Greenwich Street, is being turned into rental apartments."  For some reason, the developers, The World-Wide Group, had decided to change the address.

The article said they, "are gutting the 38-story [sic] building at Rector Street, making 461 apartments."  Costing $100 million, the reconstruction actually resulted in 452 units.

A year after the building's opening, the World Trade Center was attacked on September 11, 2001.  Residents were faced with health hazards, difficulty in access to the building, and curtailed services.  On October 1, the tenants voted to go on a rent strike, "demanding break [sic] leases and to get reduced rents," reported The New York Times.  A class-action suit was proposed, based not only on the health and services concerns, but "on emotional issues."  A lawyer for tenant David Frazer told the reporter, "I want that mother who called with kids whose window looks out over the disaster site.  I want to put her before the judge."

In 2006 the building was converted to condominiums, called Greenwich Club.  Its residents would face another disaster in October 2012--Hurricane Sandy.  According to The New York Times, the storm's floodwaters, "dislodged an oil tank, which hit a ceiling beam and cracked open, necessitating a major cleanup."  In reporting on the downtown damages on December 5, MetroNews said the building "may not be habitable for months."

At least one resident, Jonathan Stark, went to court, filing a $35 million lawsuit in November.  The New York Times reported he accused "the board and managers of failing to safeguard the building against floods they knew were coming, then blocked residents' attempts to file insurance claims.  Managers have told residents they could not return for four months."  Repairs were eventually completed and the building reopened in January 2013.

In June 2016, the 9/11 Tribute Center moved into the ground floor of 88 Greenwich Street.  It had been located at 120 Liberty Street since 2006.

photograph by Tdorante10

Having survived a three devastating events--a depression, a terrorist attack, and a natural disaster--Lafayette A. Goldstone's Art Deco skyscraper survives nearly unchanged externally.

many thanks to author and reader Laurie Gwen Shapiro for requesting this post

LaptrinhX.com has no authorization to reuse the content of this blog

The Ogden Mills Reid Mansion - No. 15 East 84th Street

Ambrose Lanfear Norrie came from a wealthy family.  His father, Gordon, owned copper and nickel mines and the family mansion sat at No. 377 Fifth Avenue.  So society's attention was piqued when Ethel Lynde Barbey's parents, traveling in Paris, announced her engagement to Norrie on May 15, 1895.  Ethel was the daughter of Henry and Mary Barbey.  Her maternal grandparents were Peter Lorillard and Catherine Griswold, who came from two of the wealthiest and most venerable of New York families.

Norrie quickly took steps to provide a suitable home for his new bride.  The former house of General James Grant Wilson, at No. 15 East 84th Street, was demolished and the esteemed architectural firm of Renwick, Aspinwall & Owen was put to work designing a fine mansion spanning the plots at Nos. 13 and 15.

Architectural Record, December 1903 (copyright expired)

Completed in 1899, the limestone villa rose four stories.  The architects cleverly provided an abundance of light and ventilation by setting the entrance far back from the property line--creating an L-shaped structure.  A glass and wrought iron canopy--looking much like a porte cochere--protected visitors from the elements along the walk from sidewalk to doorway.

A crisp cornice above the first floor supported a handsome projecting band that simulated a balustrade.  The viewer's eye was drawn to fourth floor where an arcade of arched openings wrapped the facade.  Each window was separated by elaborate, overblown iron brackets that supported an overhanging tiled roof which evinced a Mediterranean flavor.

Visitors entered the stained-glass filled vestibule.  Architectural Record, December 1903 (copyright expired)

Norrie was educated as a mining engineer, and was a director of the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway Company, and of the Ohio Mining and Manufacturing Company.  He owned large interests in the Norrie mines and in iron and coal mines.  But business was not his focus.  He was better known as a "club man," holding memberships in the exclusive Union, Calumet, Metropolitan, Down Town, Riding, Racquet and Tuxedo Clubs.

The "hallway" had a rather man-cave atmosphere.  Architectural Record, December 1903 (copyright expired)

The Norries's names appeared in newspapers only for social reasons.  They summered both in Newport and in in "Pequot Colony," in New London, Connecticut; and traveled to Europe.  (Ethel's sister, Helene was the Countess Hermann de Pourtales; and her sister Eva was Baroness de Neuflize.)  The guest list at Ethel's many dinners and receptions at No. 15 East 84th Street included some of the most recognized names in Manhattan society.

The ballroom (here furnished as a drawing room) was French in decor.  Architectural Record, December 1903 (copyright expired)

On December 11, 1910, just after returning from Europe, Norrie contracted pneumonia.  He died eleven days later.  His funeral was held in the house on December 29.

Norrie's estate, valued at $842,117 (about $21.7 million today), hinted at his lifestyle.  The New York Times reported "He owned at the time of his death about $4,000 worth of wines and liqueurs."  Included in the list were bottles of 1906 Chateau Yquem Sauterne worth $1,528.56.

Following her mourning period, Ethel resumed her social schedule, hosting dinners followed by bridge, musicales or other entertainments.  Then, in April 1914, she sailed for Paris ostensibly to visit her sister.  A month later, on May 20, The New York Times reported that "according to word received here" Ethel had announced her engagement to Count Odet Armand Marie de Jumilhac of Paris.  "Count de Jamilhac is a member of a well-known titled family of France," said the article.  "He is a relative of Duke de Richelieu."

On December 31, 1916 The Times mentioned "Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman have given up their residence at 620 Fifth Avenue and have taken the house of the Countess Jumilhac of Paris, at 15 East Eighty-fourth Street."  The following year, on November 18, The Sun reported the couple had arrived from Newport and "are in their new home" here.

Charles Frederick Hoffman, Jr. and his wife, the former Zelie Preston, continued to lease the house from Ethel until June 1919 when she sold it to the couple.  It was assessed that year for $175,000, or $2.75 million today.  Ironically, two months later, on August 28, Charles died in the family's summer estate, Armsea Hall, in Newport.

Newspapers were astonished by one stipulation in Hoffman's will.  The Hoffman's only child, Marian, who was 17 years old, was to receive an income of $50,000 per year and that amount had to be "expended annually" in order "that Marian may keep up the state of life suitable to one in her situation."  The schoolgirl was also in line to receive a trust fund of more than $1 million left by her grandfather upon her coming of age.

Zelie leased the mansion to Howard W. Maxwell and his wife, Helen.  The family's summer estate was in Glen Cove, Long Island.  Their son, Howard, Jr. had served in the air forces of the Navy during the war and had just graduated from Princeton.

Excitement over young Howard's upcoming marriage to Betty Jackson came to an abrupt end on May 23, 1921.  The ceremony was to take place at the summer estate of the bride's parents, Inisfad, near Roslyn, Long Island.  All the arrangements had been completed and a special train was contracted to take the guests to and from the wedding.  Then the New-York Tribune reported "Announcement has been made of the breaking by mutual consent of the engagement."


The Maxwells would soon have to find a new city residence.  On March 12, 1922 The New York Herald hinted at rumors that "the big house of the Charles F. Hoffman estate" had been sold to Edward H. Doheny, president of the Mexican Petroleum Company, Ltd., of Delaware.  The article said "Mr. Doheny attracted attention recently as an independent oil operator."

Five days later the newspaper confirmed the rumors.  Doheny had paid $300,000 for the house and three-story garage directly behind the property at Nos. 16-18 East 85th Street.  Doheny wasted no time in updating the residence, installing a new oil furnace and a replacement elevator in September.

In addition to oil, the 29-year old Dohney was deeply involved in motion pictures.  He owned an estate, Greystone, in Beverly Hills, California which, according to The New York Herald on March 12, 1922, "penetrates a canyon not far from Miss [Pauline] Frederick's home, but a frieze of eucalyptus hides it from public view.  In the same neighborhood Mme. [Alla] Nazimova has a yellow citadel."

The same newspaper noted in July that year that it was Doheny who backed the career of swashbuckling silent star Douglas Fairbanks.  The article said he "is said on good authority to be the financial figure who enables Doug to jump from rooftree to rooftree with a clear mind, so he won't miss his step."  The newspaper said that Doheny "poured all the money into 'Robin Hood' like oil."

Edward and Lucia Doheny - photo via fineartamerica

Doheny's life would play out like a Hollywood thriller.  In 1924 he was entangled in the Teapot Dome investigation as the messenger who carried the "little black bag" containing $100,000 in cash to Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall.  The money was reputedly a bribe to induce Fall to sign over the Navy's oil reserves to Doheny's father.

It was possibly his indictment and the long trial that prompted him to sell the 84th Street mansion to Elizabeth Mills Reid, widow of editor and diplomat Whitelaw Reid, in 1927.  

By now Doheny's former chauffeur, Hugh Plunkett had risen to what The New York Times called his "confidential secretary and companion."  A designated guest bedroom in the Beverly Hills mansion was often used by him.

On the night of February 16, 1929 Plunkett arrived at Greystone in an agitated state.  Around 10:30 Doheny called his physician, Dr. E. C. Fishbaugh and asked him to come by.  Plunkett, he said, had a sore throat and "hysteria."

When Fishbaugh arrived the five Doheny children were asleep.  Lucia Doheny told the doctor her husband and Plunkett were in the guest bedroom.  As she and the doctor headed down the hallway, Plunkett burst forth, shouting "You stay out of here!" and slammed the door.  A moment later a gunshot was heard.

Fishbaugh sent Lucia back to the living room and forced his way into the room.  Doheny's body was on the floor, in his pajamas.  He told investigators later, "To the best of my recollection Plunkett was fully clothed."

In the meantime, Elizabeth Mills Reid had immediately transferred title of the 84th Street mansion to her son, Ogden Mills Reid.  Whitelaw Reid had left an estate of nearly $20.5 million in 1912 and  Elizabeth was intent on distributing most of it to her two children before her death, thereby circumventing estate taxes.  She had earlier presented Ogden with the title of her massive country estate, Ophir Hall, in Purchase, New York.

Reid hired architect Lafayette A. Goldstone to remodel the former Norrie mansion.   The Italian Renaissance remake, completed in 1928, left no trace of the Renwick, Aspinwall & Owen villa.  The full facade was pulled forward to the property line and the entrance centered.  The restrained design depended on elegance rather than ornament to made its statement.

Lafayette A. Goldstone's 1928 rendering included costly limousines and well-dressed passersby.

Above the rusticated limestone base, only the openings of the piano nobile were graced with Renaissance pediments.  A stone cornice separated the fourth and fifth floors; while a sixth floor sat back, nearly hidden from street level.

Reid's wife, Helen, had been his mother's private secretary.  Educated at Barnard, she earned the position of vice-president of the Tribune and reportedly had as much to do with the day-to-day running of the newspaper as her husband.

Ogden Mills Reid - from the collection of the Library of Congress

Inside the remodeled mansion were irreplaceable works of art.  Included were a Charles Wilson Peale portrait of George Washington; a Gainsborough painting of Lady Glenorchy; a portrait by Sir Henry Raeburn of the Countess of Aboyne; and an oil portrait by 17th century Spanish artist Francisco Zurbaran.

Of the many social events hosted by Ogden and Helen, perhaps none was so notable as the luncheon on April 23, 1931.  King Prajadhipok of Siam and his wife, Queen Rambhai Barni, were guests of Ogden's mother.  The New York Times reported that the king "set up the temporary capital of Siam yesterday at Ophir Hall."

On April 24 the newspaper reported "The royal couple unexpectedly left Ophir Hall late yesterday morning...In the car with the King and Queen were the Siamese Minster to the United States, Prince Amoradat Kridakara, and Admiral Mom-Chao Thavara Chayant, physician in ordinary to the King."

The limousine was headed to the Reid mansion on East 84th Street.  There a luncheon, termed "informal," was served.  The Times noted "it was understood that there were no guests other than the immediate party."

Afterward Helen took the Queen shopping on West 57th Street.  "The visit was so unostentatious that many of the employes of the shop did not know of it."  The Queen apparently enjoyed her shopping trip, because later in the afternoon "several bundles and hat boxes arrived at Ophir Hall."

The King and Queen met up later at the Reid mansion and remained for tea.  This time there were a few guests, including Raymond B. Stevens, adviser on foreign affairs to the Siamese Government, and Ralph Hayes, president of the Transamerica Corporation.

The Reids experienced two unrelated but equally disturbing events involving servants.  In September 1936 25-year old Herbert J. Marlow was hired to work in the house.  Two months later, on November 6, he went to the Hotel Bristol on West 48th Street and jumped to his death from the 10th floor.  Reid's personal secretary, Polly Howell, was called to the scene to identify him.  He had left five notes, one of this was addressed to Ogden Reid, and another to Polly.

Edna Tellin, a maid, lived in the Reid mansion.  The 47-year old left the house two weeks after the tragedy on her day off.  She never returned.  It was obvious she had not simply abandoned her position, since there was $264 in cash in her room and $10,000 in her savings account.

On December 31 her body was discovered in the Harlem River.  The cause of death could not be established.  The Times reported "The police estimated the body had been in the water about a month.  It bore no marks of violence."

Ogden Reid developed an ulcerous throat in December 1946.  He was treated at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center and seemed to have responded well.  But he developed pneumonia and died on January 3, 1947.

Reid's estate, valued at just under $9.5 million, included generous bequests to servants and employees.  Polly Howell received $5,000 (about $53,000 today), as did four others, including E. Edward Ridout, who managed Ophir Farm.  Other staff members in the 84th Street house received $2,500.

The Reids' sons, Ogden Rogers and Whitelaw, were both still living in the 84th Street house with their mother.  The property was now assessed at $340,000.

On August 19, 1949, just months before Helen sold the house, it appears exactly as it does today.  photo by Wurts Bros. from the collection of the Museum of the City of New York

Helen sold it in July 1950 to the American Jewish Congress.  The group announced that it would used the mansion as "national headquarters for the executive offices of both the congress and the World Jewish Congress."  Named the Stephen Wise Congress House in memory of the deceased rabbi who had headed both Congresses, Rabbi Irving Miller said it "would house an assembly hall for conferences of scholars and social scientists."

When the Stephen Wise Congress House was dedicated on April 15, 1951, President Harry Truman sent a tribute.  For half a century the Stephen Wise Congress House was the venue for dynamic discussions about issues like Zionism, refugees, and Palestine.  Exhibits of Jewish artists were routinely staged here.

In 2004 the mansion was sold to the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World.  Run by New York University, it is a center for scholarly research and graduate education of ancient civilizations.  Both doctoral and postdoctoral programs are offered.

photographs by the author