The Women's National Republican Club - 3-5 West 51st Street

photo by Dmadeo

When William P. Clyde, head of the Clyde Steamship Line, died in his five-story mansion--formerly the home of Andrew and Louise Carnegie--at No. 3-5 West 51st Street in 1926 he left an estate of more than $11.6 million.   The once exclusive neighborhood was much changed; now one of business buildings, hotels and shops.  Nevertheless, his widow lived on in the imposing mansion which snuggled up against the rear wall of the former Vanderbilt triplex facing Fifth Avenue.

Mrs. Clyde's fatal heart attack in the house on February 3, 1931 sounded the death knell for one of the last private mansions in Midtown.  Within five months it was sold to the newly-formed 3 West Fifty-first Street Corporation for $295,000--a considerable amount considering the ongoing Great Depression, equaling about $4.75 million today.

Seen from across the rubble of other former mansions, razed to make way for Rockefeller Center, the Clyde mansion still stood in November 1932.  photo from the collection of the New York Public Library

At the time the The Women's National Republic Club had its headquarters No. 8 East 37th Street.  Founded by Henrietta Wells Livermore in 1921, the club was based on the idea that women--who had earned the right to vote just a year earlier--should fully comprehend the issues and the candidates.  Mrs. Livermore's ideals were not entirely without bias, as reflected in the club's name.

Members of the New York Women's Republican Club posed with President Calvin Coolidge on the White House lawn on December 1, 1924.  from the collection of the Library of Congress

The Women's National Republican Club sold $300,000 in bonds to pay for a new clubhouse.  On February 1, 1933 The New York Times reported that the goal had been reached and construction on the site of the Clyde mansion would be commenced "as soon as permits have been granted by the city."  Society architect Frederic Rhinelander King had already submitted his plans.

Three months later the mansion was no more and on May 25, 1933 the cornerstone of the new structure was laid by former club president Maude K. Wetmore.  The speakers were Republican National Committeeman Charles D. Hilles, and former Representative Ruth Pratt.  Among the items placed within the stone were a copy of the United States Constitution, and an American flag.

The New York Times took the opportunity to hint at what was to come.  "The new building will be eleven stories high and will include thirty bedrooms, an assembly room, to be called the George Washington room, and a library dedicated to the memory of Calvin Coolidge."

The Women's Republican Club was completed in March 1934.  King had produced a severe neo-Classical structure faced in stone.  Sparse Georgian detailing hinted at the 18th century-styled interiors.  Despite its otherwise patrician facade, two shops were incorporated at street level to add income to the club.

The second floor featured three sets of dramatic floor-to-ceiling French doors, unified by a shallow cast iron balcony.  Above the center opening a bas relief disc flanked by eagles announced the club's name and date of founding.  A setback at the fifth floor partially hid the uppermost floors from street level, giving the clubhouse a more domestic aura and preventing a detached skyscraper feeling.

A postcard revealed the former mansions on either side of the newly-completed complex which would be soon demolished.

On March 25, 1934 The New York Times remarked on the prominent figures who would be attending the formal opening--former Secretary of the Treasury Ogden L. Mills; former Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson; Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., son of the deceased President; Senator George R. Fearon; Speaker of the State Assembly Joseph A McGinnies; and others.

The article mentioned the 18th century furnishings which had been transferred from the former clubhouse saying "they are valued at more than $60,000."  There were three floors of bedrooms ("each with a private bath"), dressing rooms for out-of-town members, a main dining room and two smaller private dining rooms.  The Washington Assembly Room occupied the full width of the second floor.  Here, said The Times, "will be held the club's School of Politics, which attracts hundreds of women each Monday morning."  In the Calvin Coolidge Memorial Library on the fourth floor was hung a portrait painted by Wayman Adams a year before Coolidge's death.  An amenity for members was the solarium "with red, white and blue wicker furniture."

The Calvin Coolidge Library as it appears today.  photo via wnrc.org

The opening was attended by "several thousand persons," according to newspaper accounts.  In her address that evening Mrs. George A. Wyeth proclaimed "The opening of the club marks the rebirth of the Republican party."

The Women's National Republican Club was never intended to be a social club; however its well-to-do members sometimes achieved their goals through social activities.  Such was the case on September 20, 1934.  The Times reported "An advertising supper dance entitled 'The Taxpayer's Temptation in Wonderland' will be held at the Women's National Republican Club...to raise money for the Republican Educational League."   Debutantes appeared in costumes advertising American products and New York shops.

The following summer the club initiated a novel class.  On July 22, 1935 the Rockland County Journal-News reported "In New York a class in political speaking has been opened at 3 West Fifty-first street, the home of the Women's National Republican Club and Mrs. Caraway is confident that before the Autumn is well under way, the other 26 States represented on the national council of the club will follow suit."

Mrs. Henry R. Caraway was president of the club at the time.  A resident of Carmel, New York she was no stranger to club leadership.  During World War I she was president of the Women's University Club and had been president of the University of Chicago Alumnae Association for ten years.   As reported by the Bronxville Press on February 21, 1936, she not only gave "fortnightly talks at the club's headquarters" and held "classes for the Republican Business and Professional Women," she "has campaigned extensively throughout the country and is also a lecturer on current political events."

Speakers who appeared before the Women's National Republican Club were often fiery and at times more than a bit overzealous in their partisanship.  Representative James W. Wadsworth addressed the club on March 26, 1936 to denounce the Democratic administrations's "heavy expenditures and resultant tax program."  He shockingly accused Franklin D. Roosevelt of attempting to "establish a dictatorship fashioned after those set up by Hitler and Mussolini."

William M. Chadbourne, president of the National Republican Club, was no less dire in his warning to 250 club members on July 16, 1940.  He called the current political situation "more perilous than any since the foundation of the Republic--more perilous even than in 1860," referring to the then-impending Civil War.  He urged the women to "bend every effort" to put Wendell L. Willkie into office.

"If we fail," he warned, "no one knows what will happen."

His prediction of doom was echoed by Supreme Court Justice Joseph M. Proskauer, who spoke at a rally in the building on October 29 that same year.  Roosevelt, he said, was bent on absolute dictatorship.  "There is a pattern by which democracies decay, and dictators, whether conscious or unconscious, good or bad, ride in.  I indict the New Deal of using that pattern."

Vicious party politics was put aside when the nation was drawn into World War.  A month after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Marion Martin, director of the club's women's activities, addressed a group of 150 members.  She told the women to cease worrying "about candidates" and begin working for the country as a whole.

"The one thing that should be uppermost in our minds is to prove our patriotism by cooperating in the sale of defense bonds and stamps, by cooperating with the Office of Civilian Defense and by doing everything we can to aid the Red Cross and other recognized agencies."

Later that spring a dance for servicemen on leave was held in the clubhouse.  On the evening of March 27 the Furlough Frolic gave officers of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps. a break from the war.

In the post-war years The Women's National Republican Club continued to host lectures, sponsor educational seminars, and classes.  Then, in 1974, The Lambs lost its lavish clubhouse at No. 128 West 44th Street to foreclosure.  The group of theatrically-involved members moved into Nos. 3-5 West 51st Street with The Women's National Republican Club.  More of the building was shared when the top floors--once the bedrooms for members--were converted to the 3 West Club, a boutique hotel.

Despite the mostly shuffling inside, the exterior of Frederic Rhinelander King's stoic limestone clubhouse remains unchanged--worthy of inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

The 1932 Johnston L. Redmond Mansion - 117-119 East 70th St

Johnston Livingston Redmond graduated from Harvard in 1911 with a degree in architecture.  He never practiced that craft, however.  After serving as a ensign on the U. S. destroyer Stevens during World War I, he focused his time and money on charitable causes and social activities.

Redmond's mother, Estelle Livingston, was descended from Robert Livingston who arrived in the Province of New York in 1673.  The daughter of Johnston Livingston, she had inherited the family homestead, Callendar House, in Tivoli, New York, built by Henry Gilbert Livingston in 1794.  Johnston's father, Geraldyn Redmond, made his significant fortune from his banking firm, Redmond & Co., and the linen business he had inherited from his father, William Redmond.

Johnston Redmond's personal wealth was greatly increased when his mother died on June 17, 1916 leaving an estate of between $3 and $4 million; followed by Geraldyn's death in November 1918.  Still technically in mourning, his relatively subdued wedding on June 5, 1919 to Katharine Sergeant Haven was held in her parents' French-style mansion at No. 18 East 79th Street.

While Johnston and his two brothers, Geraldyn Jr. and Roland, shared in their parents' estates, including the massive Redmond double mansion at 701-705 Park Avenue, it was Johnston who inherited Callender House.  His and Katharine's city house was at No. 705 Park Avenue.  They soon acquired another country estate, The Plains, in Virginia where they enjoyed horses and hunting.

Johnston was active in the civic live in Dutchess County, where his family's ancestral home was located.  He was a trustee of Vassar Brothers Hospital and of the Northern Dutchess Health Service Center; aided in relief work around Red Hook, New York, and was a director of the First National Bank of Red Hook.  He went so far as to represent the County Boys Scouts Council in the National Council and arranged for two locals scouts to attend the World Congress in England.

On March 1, 1921 The New York Times reported that millionaire architect Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes had purchased "the three five-story residences at 113 to 117 East Seventieth Street" between Park and Lexington Avenues with the intention "to alter the buildings into American-basement houses with elevators."

That never happened.

Instead, on October 2, 1929 Johnston L. Redmond purchased No. 117.  Then, three months later almost to the day, he bought the house next door at No. 119, giving him an expansive 30-foot wide plot.

Redmond could have used his architectural training to design the new mansion himself.  Instead, he turned to an architect with a social pedigree as impressive as his own, Frederic Rhinelander King.  He was a member of two of the oldest and wealthiest families of Newport and New York City.  He had graduated from the Harvard three years before Redmond, then studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris for three years.

The onslaught of the Great Depression did not hamper the Redmonds' plans.  King filed plans for the new house in August 1931, estimating the cost at $170,000--about $2.7 million today.   As work progressed four months later, The New York Times exhibited astonishment at the flurry of lavish private home construction.  On December 6 it noted that "at this present time in four through-fares on the upper east side...seven expensive dwellings have recently been finished or are nearing completion."  The article pointed out the Redmond mansion, saying the 70th Street block "in recent years has become one of the choice residential blocks in the city."

King produced what years later architectural historian Christopher Gray would call "a majestically impassive limestone house almost as good as anything on the Royal Crescent in Bath, England."   Gray was referring, apparently, to the quiet elegance of the mansion and not its architectural style.  (The Royal Crescent homes, designed by John Wood in the 18th century are Georgian, the 70th Street mansion is neo-French Classic.) 

Indeed, Frederick King focused on understated dignity, foregoing fussy ornamentation.  The sheer surface of the stone facade was broken only by the blind arches of the first and second floors, the semi-circular iron balconies of the French windows, and a delicate wave-crest bandcourse.  Above the simple stone cornice a slate-shingled mansard wore modest arched dormers.

The Redmonds had four children--Katharine Sergeant, Moira Livington, Thomas Johnston Livingston, and Joseph Woodward.  They traveled between their three homes, often entertaining on the 81-foot yacht De Grasse moored at Tivoli, near Callendar House.  MotorBoating described it in June 1920 as having "two staterooms, one with two berths and saloon below aft, and a dining saloon on deck.  Good crews' quarters are provided, with shower bath."  The captain was outfitted with his own stateroom and office.

But Johnston would not enjoy his new mansion for long.  In January 1933 the family traveled from Callendar House to their Virginia estate for hunting.  Soon after arriving Redmond fell ill with the flu and was bedridden.  Then, while "riding to the hounds," Katharine was thrown from her horse and broke both legs.

According to The Rhinebeck Gazette, Redmond "rose from his bed to take Mrs. Redmond to Emergency hospital" about 50 miles away in Washington.  The exposure and strain worsened his condition, which developed into pneumonia.  The 45-year old died about a week later, on February 12, in the same hospital where his wife was recuperating.

Katharine was released from the hospital to accompany her husband's body back to New York.  His funeral was held in the Church of Notre Dame in Manhattan and he was buried in the family graveyard in Tivoli.

Katharine inherited all three of the Redmond properties.  She remained in the 70th Street house, tending to her own charitable causes.  Then in April 1940 she quietly married William Henry Osborn, an executive with Phelps Dodge, with no public fanfare.  Several days later The New York Times mentioned "Although the place of the ceremony was not disclosed, a small reception was given at the home of the bride's father, 760 Park Avenue."

The newlyweds remained at No. 117 East 70th Street with Katharine's children.  When war broke out in Europe, Katharine added that cause to her agenda.  On December 1, 1943 The Times noted that she was named "vice chairman in charge of women's war bond activities in Manhattan" and noted she was the "former head of the women's speakers' bureau of the State War Finance Committee.  She was simultaneously a board member of he Community Service Society and the New York Hospital Social Service, and sat on the advisory committee of the Cooper Union Art School.

But her attention would be focused much closer to home beginning in 1944 when Katharine became the first of her children to marry.   Her wedding to U. S. Marine Paul Gordon Evans on June 6 was held in Church of Notre Dame on Morningside Drive where her father's funeral had been held.  Afterward a "small reception" was given in the 70th Street house.

The remaining children would be married in rapid-fire succession.  On December 14, 1944 Woodward married Elizabeth Brewster Aldrich, granddaughter of former United States Senator Nelson W. Aldrich; on June 25, 1947 Thomas Johnston Livingston Redmond was married to Mary Ruth Millard in the Church of Notre Dame; and on September 24, 1949 Moira married Oliver Dwight Filley, Jr. in St. Sylvia's Church in Tivoli.

There would be at least two more wedding reception at No. 117.  On June 10, 1954 Katharine's cousin, Pamela Fowler McKim, widow of Robert James McKim, Jr., was married in St Bartholomew's Church to George Ronald Furse.  The guests came to the Osborn house following the ceremony.  And on the evening of March 17, 1967 the wedding reception of Katharine Serena Evans and Robert Rose Carson, Jr. was held here.

Katharine continued to be active in social and philanthropic efforts.  When the annual Imperial Ball in the Waldorf-Astoria for the benefit of the Hospitalized Veterans Service of the Musicians Emergency Fund was being planned in the fall of 1956, the organization committee held its first meeting in the 70th Street house.  Among the co-chairs was Mrs. William Randolph Hearst, Jr.

Somewhat surprisingly, Katharine and William allowed the exterior of their home to be filmed as the townhouse of a socialite character in the 1969 film Midnight Cowboy, starring Jon Voight.  In the movie, lead character Joe Buck's hopes are dashed when the smartly-dressed woman he was following disappears into the mansion.

William Osborn was 76 years old when he fell from a horse on the couple's upstate estate, Forest Farm near West Point, in June 1971.   He did not recover from the shock and died in his sleep on July 28.  Three years later, on January 11, 1974, Katharine died at the age of 75.

The Redmond house became Irving Homes Arts.  Its published mission was to provide "persons dedicated to the homemaking profession the training needed to carry out hospitality careers with human virtues, sound Christian doctrine, and concern for others consistent with the social teachings of the Roman Catholic Church."

Known today as Alderton House, the Catholic-based, non-profit corporation's mission is "to educate and train women to work well and with purpose in their profession."  Programs are offered throughout the city in cooperation with other organizations, like the Murray Hill Institute, and The Avenue Leadership Program, Etc.

Other than a barely-noticeable bronze placard next to the door, there is no evidence that the Redmond mansion is anything other than a private dwelling.  Its chaste facade is virtually unaltered since its completion in 1932.

photographs by the author