George Keister's 1906 120 Riverside Drive

 

As their luxurious new apartment building on the northeast corner of Riverside Drive and 84th Street received its finishing touches in June 1906, developers W. R. & J. M. Stewart advertised,

Housekeeping Apartments of 10 and 11 rooms and 3 bathrooms.  Fireproof Building.  Large, light rooms; all conveniences; best possible construction; ready for occupancy summer of 1906.

"Housekeeping apartments" meant that the suites--two per floor--had kitchens, unlike residential hotels.

Designed by George Keister, the nine-story 120 Riverside Drive was faced in beige brick above a two-story limestone base.  The architect's neo-medieval design included Gothic corbels below the fourth- and ninth-floor cornices; four faceted, tower-like bays; and an intricate, pierced parapet.  Keister lavished the entrance with medieval inspired carvings--Gothic tracery, flowers and vines, and a bas relief of a woman surrounded by swirling faces of children and angels within a rondel.

The building's tenants enjoyed amenities like seven-foot-high mahogany wainscoting and beamed ceilings in the dining rooms, built-in pneumatic-tube vacuums, and combination gas-and-electric lighting fixtures.

The first residents were its builders, brothers James M. and William R. Stewart.  Their neighbors would be equally affluent and socially visible.  

Among the earliest were the William Kellogg Tillotsons.  Born in Owosso, Michigan to Norton and Wealthy Ann Tillotson in 1835, William married Helen Beach Brewster on September 8, 1861.   Soon afterward, he left his bride to fight in the Civil War and earned the rank of first lieutenant.  The couple had two sons, Norton Beach, born in 1863, and John Beach, born in 1874.  Daughters Abby Kimball and  Lucy Beach came in 1865 and 1867 respectively.  Abby would never marry, and lived in the Riverside Drive apartment with her parents.

While Helen was active in civic issues, Abbie was more socially visible.  On April 6, 1902, for instance, the New-York Tribune reported, "The Shakespeare Club of New-York City spent a social evening at the home of Miss A. R. [sic] Tillotson, No. 120 Riverside Drive, on Thursday."  The following year, on March 29, the newspaper reported, "An unusual dinner last night varied the monotony of Lent.  Given by the Shakespeare Club, it began at the Beresford and ended at No. 120 Riverside Drive."  Guests started at the home of the John De Witt Warners for cocktails, and moved from place to place until ending the evening with "dessert and coffee provided by Mrs. [sic] Abbie Tillotson...Music finished the evening's entertainment."

In the meantime, Helen was active in the Women's Health Protective and the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.  When the National Arbitration and Peace Congress adjourned in New York City in April 1907, the American flag was lowered and entrusted to Helen.  She presented it to Andrew Carnegie at the National Convention in Washington D.C. "in appreciation of his bountiful services to the holy cause of peace."

A complex parapet originally crowned the structure.  from the collection of the New York Public Library.

Attorney Edward F. Coles and his wife were also early residents.  Mrs. Coles left the apartment on June 22, 1902 and nearly did not return.  She and Arthur Cole, the couple's nephew, were in the Cole carriage when its driver, John Thatcher, attempted to cross the street car tracks at Sixth Avenue and 27th Street.   The New-York Tribune reported that "a south-bound car came along at high speed.  Dennis Curran, the motorman, applied his brake, but the car crashed into the coach, overturning it."  

Astoundingly, no one was seriously injured.  Thatcher, of course, was propelled from his seat.  The article said, "although he landed heavily on the pavement, he escaped with slight injuries."  It continued, "Mrs. Cole and her nephew...were thrown headlong to the ground, but they too, escaped unhurt."

William Robert Stewart and his wife, the former Almira Giffen, had three children, Myra, Irene and William, Jr.  Like Helen Tillotson, Almira was a member of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.  She was also a regent of the Daughters of the Union.  On November 19, 1914 she hosted a meeting of the latter group, at which artist Leonard M. Davis spoke on "Art and Alaska."  Although there was "a short business meeting," the gathering was mostly social, including piano and musical solos.  The New York Press noted, "A social hour will close the afternoon, the tea table to be presided over by Miss Irene Stewart and Miss Myra Stewart, the charming daughters of the regent."

The 1911 Dau's New York Blue Book of society was replete with residents of 120 Riverside Drive.  Included, were, of course, James M. and Grace Pinney Stewart.  Their son, who was named after his uncle, William Robert Stewart, was eight years old when the family moved into the building.  Living with them were Grace's widowed mother, Elsie Peach Simpson Pinney.  (She died in the apartment at the age of 87 on August 13, 1911.)

Young William Stewart would enjoy a privileged upbringing.  He would eventually attend the Taft School.  Later, the athletic young man would play football, basketball and golf at Yale University, graduating in 1921.

Like her sister-in-law, Grace Stewart was active in civic causes.  On May 18, 1916, for instance, The New York Press reported, "A meeting of the Woman's League for the Protection of Riverside Park will be held in the residence of Mrs. James M. Stewart, No. 120 Riverside Drive, next Thursday."

Montgomery Roosevelt Schuyler, Jr. lived here by 1911.  His father was a cousin of Theodore Roosevelt, and his mother, Lydia Eliza Roosevelt was the daughter of Nicolas James Roosevelt and Lydia Sellon Latrobe.  The Roosevelt-Schuyler connection was strengthened in March 1877 when he married Leila Roosevelt, the daughter of James Alfred Roosevelt and Elizabeth Norris Emlen.  The Times of Philadelphia said "The wedding was a fashionable event."

Domestic bliss was relatively short-lived, however.  Almost unheard of in society, on February 29, 1884, The Times reported that Leila had filed for a divorce.  The article said, "She declares that her husband deserted her at their East Nineteenth street house at Christmas 1881, and has remained away ever since."

Now single, Schuyler was a partner in the "whiskey importing firms of Roosevelt and Schuyler," according to the Asbury Park Evening Press.  His affluent lifestyle was reflected in his club memberships--among them the Holland Society, the Century, Manhattan, the Larchmont Yacht, and the New York Yacht Clubs.  His country home was in Nyack, New York.  The Asbury Park Evening Press said of him, "He owned some of the fastest pleasure yachts in eastern waters and engaged in the breeding of blooded horses."  Schuyler died at the age of 70 at his country home on New Year's Day 1924.

Charles Lacy Craig was a partner in the law firm of Hoadley, Lauterbach & Johnson, an officer in the West End Association, and counsel for the West Side Improvement Association in 1913.  Born on March 9, 1872, he was a 1903 graduate of Columbia University Law School.  The New York Times later said, "He immediately married Miss May Josephine Creiver."  The couple moved into a third-floor apartment at 120 Riverside Drive.  Their country home was in Carmel, New York.

In 1917, Craig's name became a household word after a face-off with Mayor John Purroy Mitchel.  The administration was behind a push "to beautify Riverside Drive Park by covering the New York Central's tracks and extending the park to the water's edge."  Craig testified on February 17 that the "improvement" would involved widening the park by a mere six inches and calling it a playground, while giving the New York Central additional track space.

Charles Lacy Craig, from the collection of the Library of Congress.

The New York Times reported that Mitchel "officially called Craig 'a deliberate, malicious and vicious liar.'"  The attorney responded by inviting the Mayor to "come out into City Hall Park and repeat that."  Charles F. Murphy, the current head of Tammany Hall, was overjoyed at Craig's bravado and asked the attorney to come see him.

In the next election John Francis Hylan became mayor, and Craig was appointed comptroller.  It was beginning of a meteoric public career.  So public was Craig's life, in fact, that on January 22, 1920, the New York Herald ran a headline that read, "Comptroller Craig Has a Cold."

An incident more frightening than a cold had occurred in the Craig apartment three months earlier.  A mysterious package was delivered on October 27, 1919 "bearing foreign stamps and mail labels," according to the New-York Tribune.  The article said May "notified the Bureau of Explosives that it looked suspicious."  Inspector Owen Egan arrived and carefully opened the parcel.  The New-York Tribune reported, "it was found to contain eight fancy plates sent from Austria by a friend of the Craig family serving with the American army."

Shorn of its parapet, in 1941 the building appeared to have a military buzzcut.  image via the NYC Dept of Records & Information Services.

At some point prior to 1941 the unique parapet was removed.  Then, a renovation completed in 1956 slightly reduced the size of the apartments on floors three through six.  There were now three apartments per floor on those levels.

George Keister's 1906 romantic take on medieval design continues to be home to well-to-do residents.  Despite the loss of its parapet, and while an unfortunate iron fire escape detracts from the architecture, 120 Riverside Drive survives greatly intact.

photographs by the author

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The 1911 Medieval Fantasy at No. 40 E. 62nd Street

Photo by Alice Lum

In the years just prior to World War I wealthy New Yorkers were altering or razing the old brownstone rowhouses on the Upper East Side blocks off Central Park.   Suddenly stuffy post-Civil War residences with high stone stoops were replaced with neo-Georgian or Italian Renaissance mansions.   But one group of investors had another idea.

Deeming themselves the 40-46 East 62^nd Street Co., they bought up the three homes at those addresses in 1910 with an ambitious plan.  Rather than construct fine new homes for just three families; they would erect a luxury apartment building for eighteen.  

By now apartment living for the upper classes had become acceptable.    Apartment houses, once equated by polite society as refuges for those who could not afford their own homes, now offered an upscale lifestyle with spacious rooms, servants’ accommodations and modern luxuries.

The developers hired architect Albert Joseph Bodker to design the new structure.  His design, completed in 1911, promised to command attention.  Bodker produced a neo-Medieval fantasy in brick, stone and terra cotta, complete with battlements and many-paned casements.   The two-story base was a celebration of color and Medieval symbols—fearsome griffins, pointed arches and heraldic shields.

photo by Alice Lum

There were just two apartments per floor, each with seven rooms and three baths.  Residents were assured of the proper separation staff and family.  “It has all modern improvements and three elevators, one passenger and two service elevators opening directly into the kitchens,” promised an early advertisement.

For additional income the investors included “two doctors’ apartments of two rooms and bath each” on the ground floor.

photo "The World's New York Apartment House Album" 1911 (copyright expired)

The posh apartments filled with a wide array of moneyed tenants.   Architect Henry Hardenburg, who designed memorable New York buildings like the Plaza Hotel and the Dakota Apartments, was one—prompting the AIA Guide to New York City decades later to remark “no greater compliment necessary.”

The floor plans carefully ensured that staff and residents did not needlessly mingle -- The World's New York Apartment House Album 1911, (copyright expired)

Author George B. Middleton and his family moved in; as did the family of Henry Fairfield Osborn.  Osborn was the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the New York Zoological Society and a prodigious author, himself.  Among his scholarly works were publications like “The Origin of the Mammalia,” “The Biological Problems of To-day, Palaeontological Problems,” and “The Characters and Phylogeny of the Amblypoda.”

Shortly before the wedding of his daughter, Grace, George Middleton died.  Although the wedding in the chantry of St. Bartholomew’s Church went on, it was subdued.  The Sun noted that “As the bride’s family is in mourning only relatives and intimate friends have been invited to witness the ceremony.”  Afterward a small reception was held in the 62^nd Street apartment.

Later that year neighbors John W. Peale and his wife announced the engagement of their daughter, Betty.   It would be a socially-prominent match; Betty’s fiancé was Daniel Le Roy Dresser, the nephew of George W. Vanderbilt.  With World War I raging, Dresser was in France fighting with the 642^nd Aero Squadron and Betty had recently joined the Red Cross Ambulance Corps.

Theirs was a typical wartime romance among the upper class young folks.  Another involved William Ford Goulding who lived in the building with his widowed mother, Mrs. William H. Goulding, when he left home to serve with the 93^rd Squadron of the First Army.  The Gouldings came from a long-established and esteemed Massachusetts family.  Upon his return from the war, Goulding became engaged to Helen Rickert.  The New-York Tribune said “Miss Rickert is a Spence School girl and a member of the Junior League, and during the war was actively engaged in canteen work and connected with relief organizations.”

Through war and weddings the Osborns managed to be socially visible.  In September 1918 The Sun reported that “Mrs. H. Fairfield Osborn, Jr. will be at 40 East Sixty-second Street for the winter,” and in July, 1921 it advised that “Mr. and Mrs. H. Fairfield Osborn, Jr., have arrived from abroad and have gone to their summer home at Garrison-on-the-Hudson for the season.  On their return to town in the fall they will be at 40 East Sixty-second Street.”

At least two of the female residents in the first decades of the building were more memorable than their successful husbands. 

Williston B. Lockwood was a member of the New York Stock Exchange and a partner in Flower & Co.  But his indomitable wife, Janet Isabel Dominick Lockwood, was the face of the family.  Prior to the ratification of the 18^th Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibited the sale or manufacture of alcohol, Janet Lockwood was a fiery temperance leader.  She was president of the Woman’s Auxiliary of the Church Temperance Society, and organized the Hand-in-Hand Society of the Kings Daughters.  She was also a member of the National Society of Colonial Dames. 

Janet Lockwood would continue to live on at No. 40 East 62^nd Street after the death of her husband, until her own death at the age of 87 on October 10, 1938.

photo by Alice Lum

Equally interesting was Greta Pomeroy Phillips Allen Clark.  The daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Coolidge Pomeroy, she was descended from William Burnet, a colonial governor of New York.   Growing up she was surrounded by wealth and privilege; her parents owned homes in New York, Boston and Newport.

On July 22, 1905 she married Phillips A. Clark in Newport.   He would soon discover that his wife was not your average diffident socialite.  Greta was drawn to animals and pursuits more often associated with men.  When the Monmouth Hounds were organized in Newport, she was named Assistant Master of Hounds—the first female to receive the post.  No doubt to the shock of other wealthy society women, she garnered fame as a big-game hunter.

Her attention turned from killing animals to saving them, however.  Along with her many philanthropies, she was active in the New York Women’s League for Animals and she was instrumental in the establishment of the Ellin Prince Speyer Hospital for Animals.  In 1927 it came to Greta Clark’s attention that when families left the city for the summer, they would simply put their dogs and cats on the street and replace them in the fall.  She wrote a heart-felt letter to the editor of The New York Times on June 8.

She asked “all owners of pets who expect to spend their vacations in the country to make provision for these animals during their absence…Do not turn them out to shift for themselves.”

She penned another letter to the newspaper five years later when a heroic deed came to her attention.  In September 1932 motorman Joseph J. Krankoff noticed a small dog walking the tracks in front of his train.  Much to the disgruntlement of his passengers, Krankoff drove the train “at a snail’s pace for two miles rather than run over” the dog, Clark wrote.   The New York Women’s League for Animals sent the motorman its “distinguished humane service medal.”

Greta Phillips Allen Clark remained active in society, according to The New York Times, until her death in her apartment on 62^nd Street two weeks before Janet Lockwood, on September 24, 1938, at the age of 72.

photo by Alice Lum

Unlike many turn of the century apartment buildings, No. 40 East 62^nd Street never faded.   It retained its high-end reputation and its high-end tenant list.   The remarkable neo-Medieval façade has been lovingly maintained; a reminder of a time when wealthy women published the days when they would receive.