LeBrun's 1883 Hook & Ladder Co. No. 9 -- 209 Elizabeth Street

At noon, on October 31, 1842 the property at No. 209 Elizabeth Street described as a “house and lot of ground” was sold at auction.    The north-running Elizabeth Street was laid out in 1755; then extended as far as Bleecker Street in 1816.  Unlike the refined brick homes that were constructed on many of the blocks in the new neighborhoods, this block of Elizabeth Street filled with two-story wooden structures for the lower classes.

The purchaser of No. 209 would not live there long.   On the morning of May 10, 1844 the Coroner held an inquest in the house “on the body of a man of middle age, named Herrick, who died suddenly at that place,” as reported in the New-York Daily Tribune.  The Coroner’s verdict was “Death from intemperance.”

As the city expanded into the area, so did the need for firehouses.  In 1861 Hook and Ladder No. 9 was formed.  As was the case with all fire companies, it was composed of volunteers.  Four years later reformers would pressure the State Assembly to organize the disorganized collection of volunteer companies into the Metropolitan District fire department—the forerunner of the FDNY.

But for now the city acquired the property at No. 209 Elizabeth Street for Hook and Ladder No. 9.  According to the Fire Department’s 1909 Real Estate Owned by the City of New York,” William Casey passed the title to “Mayor et. al.” on February 15, 1862 for a consideration of $4,500--a considerable $108,000 in today’s dollars.

A firehouse was constructed on the site of Herrick’s house.  The valor of its firefighters was evidenced in a monetary thank-you in 1873.  On February 1 that year the New-York Tribune reported “A letter was read from a gentleman who was recently rescued by the members of Hook and Ladder Company No. 9, and who sent $500 to be distributed among his preservers.”

Within the decade, however, the fire station was no longer adequate.   In 1879 Napoleon LeBrun became the official architect of the New York City fire houses.  A year later his son Pierre joined him in the business, creating the firm N. LeBrun & Son.  Their fire house work focused as much on design as function and each one of the resulting structures was a visual pleasure.

In July 1882 N. LeBrun & Son filed plans for “one three-story iron, brick and stone Hook and Ladder Co., No. 9” with an estimated cost of $18,000.  The new station was completed within the year and boasted an innovation in fire house design—the brass sliding pole.   Introduced in Chicago in 1878, the sliding pole made it possible for the firemen to quickly reach the ground floor from their sleeping rooms by bypassing the stairs.  The brass pole in No. 209 Elizabeth Street was the first in New York City.

LeBrun sat two stories of red brick on a cast iron base.  The building followed his normal firehouse plans with the wide bay doors centered between two openings.  Above, stone bandcourses divided the mass of brick; while bumpy quilts of terra cotta tiles separated the second and third floors and filled in the spandrels above the uppermost openings.

Le Brun's use of alternating terra cotta tiles created a wonderfully tactile surface.

The new building received an unexpected structural test on August 10, 1884 when New York City was shaken by a noticeable earthquake.  The New York Times reported on the “general fright” the following day.  The policemen at the nearby Central Office on Mulberry Street were thrown into “great excitement” and Sergeant Bird “sprang from his seat; believing that the building was crumbling.  The residents of the neighborhood were greatly alarmed and rushed pell-mell into the streets.”

Meanwhile, at Hook and Ladder Company No. 9, “the shaking of the building, which is a new and substantial structure, was so marked as to frighten the horses in their stalls, and it was with difficulty that they could be controlled and quieted.  On the top floor of the building is a billiard table, which rocked with the motion of the house, and the balls rolled around the table for a few seconds.”

Earlier that year, on April 24, an amazing act of heroism on the part of Fireman Samuel Banta had occurred at a fire at No. 21 Pell Street.  Fireman Soden of Engine No. 11 was in the basement of the building when it collapsed.   Banta grabbed an axe and a saw and, with a rope tied around his waist, entered the burning ruins, despite warnings from the fire chief not to go in.

“He found Fireman Soden held down by the smouldering debris.  Soden’s leg was broken.  Banta worked for over an hour with the axe and saw in constant peril of being engulfed, until he had Soden free,” reported The Evening World.  “Taking the rope from his body and tying it around Soden, he had the injured man lifted to a place of safety.”  The rope was then lowered to pull Banta out.

The daring fireman was promoted to Assistant Foreman.

The names of firefighters working from Hook and Ladder Co. No. 9 repeatedly appeared in the newspapers for their heroic actions.  But the press was not always so glowing.  In 1888 E. F. Hargrove was noticed absent from the house.  He was found in a saloon.

The Evening World reported that he was charged with being “absent ten minutes without leave” and for “entering a liquor store while in uniform.”  Hargrove’s explanation did not convince his supervisors.  He insisted that the saloon-keeper told him there was a letter for him at the saloon.  “Not wishing to run upstairs to ask permission to go just a few feet distant, he ran into the saloon, secured the letter and returned at once.”

A more salacious story caught the attention of Victorian readers a few years later.  For centuries the charm of a man in uniform had been irresistible to some women.  That was especially true if the man in uniform, like Lt. James Weiner, could be described as “a strong, robust and fine-looking young man of about twenty-eight.”

In October 1893 Weiner met Bertha Rosenthal, who lived with her parents nearby at No. 129 Rivington Street.  The Evening World described her as “a decided blond, fair in features and slight in form.  She wears eyeglasses, which give her rather a distingue appearance.”

According to Bertha, her acquaintance with the handsome firefighter “gradually ripened into mutual love, regard and affection.”  Throughout that winter Weiner was “very attentive” to her and on April 17, 1891 he proposed marriage.  Bertha accepted.  Weiner took advantage of the situation to push the relationship one step further.

The World reported “On the strength of this promise, she says, he took advantage of her love for him, and she yielded to his persuasions.”  Bertha not only yielded to his persuasions once but “this relation of intimacy was continued for several months”—long enough for Bertha to become pregnant.

The baby was born in September 1892; but by now Weiner was done with Bertha.  She tried “to induce him to acknowledge the child and do her justice by marrying her, as he had promised, but the effort was fruitless, as Weiner refused to have anything more to do with her.”  She sued the Lieutenant for $10,000 damages for betrayal.

Bertha Rosenthal and James Weiner as they appeared in court.  She "fair in features" and he "a fine-looking young man."  The Evening World, March 23, 1893 (copyright expired)

In the meantime, Weiner did not deny that he had had a long-term intimate relationship with Bertha Rosenthal; but he did deny ever proposing marriage and insisted the child was not his.  “Although,” interjected The World, “it is said to strikingly resemble him.”

The scandalous trial came to an end on March 22, 1893.  While the all-male jury may have thought Weiner a scoundrel; it could not ignore the fact that Bertha was not “persuaded” one time to have illicit sexual relations, but repeatedly.   This was the 1890s and her decency was decidedly in question.

The Evening World reported “The jury pronounced Miss Rosenthal’s story as technically correct, but came to the conclusion that her feelings had only been lacerated to the extent of $100.”

The fire trucks that sped from No. 209 Elizabeth Street contended with the unmanaged traffic on New York’s streets, often resulting in collisions.  On June 11, 1894 the hook and ladder truck was “dashing through Elizabeth street,” as reported by The Evening World, to a fire when “a truck piled high with furniture was encountered near Bleecker street.”

One of the three horses pulling the fire truck “reared up and threw a fine bay attached to the furniture truck against a hydrant.”  The horse was so badly injured that it was taken back to the furniture firm’s headquarters and shot.

Another crash occurred on June 19, 1905 when the driver of Engine No. 15 had his team at a full gallop to a tenement fire.  He swerved to avoid knocking into a crowd of children at the corner of Henry and Monroe Streets.  His engine smashed into a Borden milk wagon “breaking several hundred bottles containing milk, which flooded the street.”

While the firemen and bystanders attempted to disentangle the engine and the milk wagon, Hook and Ladder No. 9 and the tender from Engine 15 “came tearing around the corner.  They were going so fast that before the horses could be pulled up, both crashed into the overturned milk wagon, smashing the remains of that vehicle into kindling wood.”

Ironically, “while the firemen were ‘cursing’ their luck, a bucket of water extinguished the flames and peace reigned once more in the tenement.”

Like most firehouses, Hook and Ladder No. 9 had a mascot.  “Jack the fire dog” lived in the station house and ran alongside the four-ton ladder truck to fires.  On Thursday night, August 17, 1899 the fire fighters responded to an alarm.  The truck had only gone half a block when, at the corner of Elizabeth and Prince Streets, Jack was accidentally kicked by one of the horses.  Brooklyn’s The Daily Standard Union reported “Jack rolled over, and before he could get up again the wheels ran over his neck, killing him instantly.”

Foreman Green stopped the team for a moment while a fireman threw Jack’s body onto the truck; then continued to the blaze.  The newspaper said “After the fire was extinguished Jack was taken back to the truckhouse, and many firemen and neighbors came in to see him.”

It added, “He will be stuffed.”

Throughout the decades the men of Hook and Ladder No. 9 would repeatedly fight tenement fires and blazes in the many millinery factories in the area.  The flammable contents of the hat shops—glue, straw, paper, and such—resulted in fires that spread with lightning-fast fury.  The company was also called to major conflagrations at significant distances from Elizabeth Street.

It responded to the historic Triangle Shirt Waist factory fire in March 1911, and even the Hoboken waterfront fire in 1930 and the $5 million Coney Island blaze in July 1932.  By then horses in fire stations were a thing of the past.  Hook and Ladder Company No. 9 had replaced its horses with a motorized truck in 1917.

Napoleon LeBrun’s structure was the last word in firehouse design in 1883.  But in the mid-20^th century it was deemed “antiquated.”  The building designed for a single horse-drawn truck was not practical for modern equipment.   After 87 years here, Hook and Ladder Company 9 moved out on November 21, 1948.

On November 23 The New York Times reported “The company will share quarters in the Great Jones Street building with Engine Company 33.  Meanwhile the old two-and-a-half-story red brick structure on Elizabeth Street will remain vacant and boarded up pending determination of its future by the city.”

It was not boarded up for long.  In 1948 Emergency Squad 2 moved in.  It would rush to emergencies as dire as drownings and building collapses, and as routine as the boy in July 1951 who got his head stuck between the bars of a fence.

 

When Emergency Squad 2 moved in, the some of the old 19th century structures on the block still remained.  http://nycfire.net/forums/index.php?topic=10759.45

In the second half of the century the building was converted to a bakery for La Rosa & Son Bread Co.  The upper floors from which firemen had slid down a shiny brass pole became offices.  But the quaint bakery with its aromatic smells did not survive into the 21^st century.

The bread bakery name still adorns the cast iron framework.

In August 2005 the structure was graffiti covered and unused when the Department of City Planning approved a rooftop penthouse and conversion to a single family residence above the ground floor.  The building had been acquired in June that year by the Elizabeth Firehouse LLC.

Today the ground floor is home to the Elizabeth Street Gallery.  Where horses munched hay and a shiny Victorian hook and ladder truck was housed, customers now wander among antiques and unique home décor items.  And N. LeBrun & Son’s distinguished brick, iron and terra cotta design survives as a beautiful relic.

photographs taken by the author
many thanks to reader Benjamin George Friedman for suggesting this post 

The 1868 Hook & Ladder 13 -- No. 159 E 87th Street

In April 1865 the Battle of Appomattox Court House resulted in the surrender of General Robert E. Lee and the beginning of the end of what New Yorkers called the War of Rebellion—the American Civil War.  Before long New York City’s young men would be marching home and resuming their lives.

Some of them were “laddies,” the volunteer fire fighters who protected the growing city’s buildings.  The volunteer companies were disorganized and haphazardly scattered.  When fire would erupt, the nearest fire houses would vie with one another to reach the blaze first, or to become the most skilled at firefighting.    Although they provided a desperately needed service, the laddies earned a well-deserved reputation as rowdy, boisterous gangs whose fire houses essentially doubled as social clubs.

But that all changed in 1865.  Partly prompted by the widely-publicized conflagration that destroyed Barnum’s Museum that year, reformers pressured the State Assembly to organize a professional fire department.  The Act of 1865 joined the cities of New York and Brooklyn with a single, paid “Metropolitan District” fire department.

In the Yorkville neighborhood the Cornelius Anderson #10 Ladder Company was reorganized on October 11, 1865 to become the Suburban Hook & Ladder Company No. 13.  The small company received a handsome red brick fire house at No. 159 East 87^th Street on New Year’s Day 1868.  Trimmed in deeply-carved brownstone, the two story structure was a near match to several other firehouses being rapidly erected throughout the new metropolitan district.  Heavy foliate scrolled keystones graced the arched lintels of the street level and an unusual and attractive chain motif ran below the cornice.

Firefighters pose proudly before their firehouse and equipment -- Museum of the City of New York

The men of Hook and Ladder Company No. 13 served valiantly throughout the decades, not always serving only the Yorkville neighborhood.   Just past noon on August 22, 1891 an explosion occurred in the five-story building that stretched from No. 68 to 72 Park Place.  Children playing in front of the drugstore at No. 72 were immediately killed and a fire broke out inside.  The building was filled with workers—many of them young women—employed in bookbinding and printing businesses.  A restaurant was crowded with lunchtime patrons.

The fire spread rapidly and within minutes the front walls of the building collapsed.  Before anyone could escape the entire building caved in upon the inferno.   A news bulletin was wired at 2:30 p.m. calling the collapse and fire possibly “one of the worst disasters that ever happened in this city.”

Three days later as the search for bodies continued, the firemen of Hook and Ladder Company No. 13 arrived to help.  The Evening World reported that the firemen “went to work and the squad of longshoremen returned with a fresh gang of Italians.  The first thing to do was to tackle some of the heavy presses which still lie on the top of the great mass of debris in the centre of the ruins and which interfere with the search for bodies."

Scrapbook photos, dated Aug. 22, 1891, capture the disaster and recovery efforts -- photo collection of the Museum of the City of New York

As the Yorkville fire fighters began digging through the ruins, 42 bodies had already recovered and 111 were still missing.

Closer to home the Ladder Company dealt with fires in tenements and old houses that often burned quickly and had little means of escape.   One such blaze occurred on February 20, 1902 in the house at No. 60 East 87^th Street.  The fire started in the lower hallway of the three-story rooming house and spread rapidly.  The New-York Tribune, which noted that the “fire abounded in thrilling incidents,” reported that “nearly all the doors of the house were open, and this fact converted the hallways into a great flue, in which the flames swept upward.”

The old house was filled with trapped residents.  When the fire fighters arrived, Mrs. Louisa Liebershultz, who lived on the second story, was standing at a window.   The 50-year old woman was “shrieking and wildly waving her arms.”  The men of Hook and Ladder Company No. 13 shouted for the woman to stay where she was as they began raising their 35-foot ladder.  Just before the ladder reached the second floor, the flames neared Liebershultz and she panicked.

“Uttering a piercing scream, she threw herself from the window,” said The Tribune.  The fall was fatal.

In the meantime, the fire crew frantically worked to rescue the other residents.   Mrs. Mary McLean lived on the third floor and she, too, “added her screams to the general din of shouts and cries.”  She obeyed the firefighters and remained in the open window until the ladder was raised.  Fireman Patrick O’Keefe carried the woman to the street to the accompaniment of cheers from the crowd.

When the blaze was finally extinguished, the men of Hook and Ladder No. 13 found the badly-burned body of Mrs. Martha Merten sitting upright in a chair by her closed widow.  On the floor next to her was the body of her little pet dog.  Had Mrs. Merten opened the window to call for help, or closed her door to delay the progress of the flames, she might have survived.  Firefighters surmised that the 40-year old died of fright or heart attack before the flames reached the room.

In 1929 the ground floor had lost its cornice and lusty brownstone trim.  -- photo NYPL Collection

Similar tragedies occurred repeatedly throughout the Company’s history.  Around noon on July 8, 1908 Mrs. Mary Smith was cooking in her tenement apartment at No. 319 East 80^th Street.  Her gas stove exploded, setting fire to her dress.  The 57-year old women tried in vain to smother the flames then ran screaming into the hallway where she dropped to the floor.  Her blazing Edwardian clothing set fire to the staircase and within moments the shoddily-built hallways were filled with smoke and flame.

Inside the tenement were at least 30 children who were rushed to the halls and fire escapes by their parents.  “The men of Hook and Ladder Company 13 were the first to arrive, and they swarmed up the fire escapes and led or carried may women and children to the street and to the roofs of adjoining houses,” reported the New-York Tribune.

Firefighter James Perry was a hero that day.   Making his way to the roof of the house at No. 321, he was lowered to the fourth floor by a rope tied around his waist.  “He swung, pendulum-like, until he could reach the window ledge, ad found Sadie McNamara, fourteen years old, unconscious near the window.  He held the girl in his arms and his companions pulled the two to the roof,” said the Tribune.  Firemen Coyle and O’Brien got into the room where young Sadie was found and rescued her mother, Elizabeth McNamara, who lay unconscious on the floor.

When the flames were under control, the firemen rushed into the building and found the body of Mary Smith in the hallway.

By the 1920s attempts were made to slightly modernize the Victorian firehouse.  The brownstone cornice and lintels of the first floor were shaved away and the arched truck entrance was squared off.  Happily the upper floor and delightful upper cornice decoration survived.

In 1960 the little building had only one year left as an active fire house. -- photo Museum of the City of New York

After nearly a century in its little brick firehouse, the Hook and Ladder Company moved to new quarters on East 85^th Street.  The building sat empty until November 1962 when the young artist Andy Warhol, rented the second floor from the city as his studio.  Warhol offered $150 a month for what would become his first real studio.

Half a century after the company moved out, the entrance still proudly remembers its roots.

Today the little red firehouse looks much as it did when Andy Warhol created his art here.  The façade has bee slathered with barn-red paint and one of the arched openings bricked over.  But the intrepid little building still exudes a sense of history through the surviving architectural details of the upper floor.

non-historic photographs taken by the author